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The inherent limitations of a specific pencil beam model have been studied when applied to a cylindrical geometry simulating the neck region. A comparison is made between measured and calculated absorbed dose in a cylindrical phantom. The goal is to quantify the deviations in the absorbed dose level, i.e., the dose per monitor unit, when photons are used for the treatment of head and neck tumours.

In the past two decades, the eddy covariance technique has been used for an increasing number of methane flux studies at an ecosystem scale. Previously, most of these studies used a closed path setup with a tunable diode laser spectrometer (TDL). Although this method worked well, the TDL has to be calibrated regularly and cooled with liquid nitrogen or a cryogenic system, which limits its use in r

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of paracetamol (acetaminophen) on maternal and fetal temperatures in labour. STUDY DESIGN: From a cohort of 185 women with continuous maternal axillary and fetal scalp temperature recordings in labour, 18 women treated with 1000mg paracetamol orally for pyrexia and 36 untreated controls matched for parity, cervical dilatation, and epidural analgesia were selected. El

Purpose: To estimate inter-observer agreement with regard to describing adnexal masses using the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) terminology and the risk of malignancy calculated using IOTA logistic regression models LR1 and LR2, and to elucidate what explained the largest inter-observer differences in calculated risk of malignancy. Experimental Design: 117 women with adnexal masses we

Objective: To analyse the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on access to dental care services and on oral health. Design, setting and outcomes: Cross-sectional data from the Swedish National Surveys of Public Health 2004 and 2005. Outcomes were poor oral health (self-rated oral health and symptoms of periodontal disease) and lack of access to dental care services. A socioeconomic disadvantage

OBJECTIVE: To compare the reliability of quantitative measurement of minimum hip joint space with a qualitative global assessment of radiological features for estimating the prevalence of primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip in colon radiographs.METHODS: All colon radiographs from patients aged 35 or older, taken at three different radiographic departments in Iceland during the years 1990-96, we

In this paper, a parametric analysis on the main engine calibration parameters applied on gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) is performed. Theoretically, the PPC concept permits to improve both the engine efficiencies and the NOx-soot trade-off simultaneously compared to the conventional diesel combustion. This work is based on the design of experiments (DoE), statistical approach, and i

The frequent mounting and dismounting the tractor required by many farming operations increases the risk of falls, particularly for older farmers. The present study explored the risk factors related to tractor ingress and egress in older farmers from two countries with a different tradition in terms of safety culture: Sweden and Italy. Eighteen male farmers aged 65 + (8 from Skåne region, southern

Background: Factor VIII (FVIII) trough levels > 1 IU/dL in patients with severe hemophilia A receiving regular prophylaxis may optimize bleed protection. Objectives: In this post hoc analysis of patients receiving tertiary prophylaxis for approximately 1 year, the relationship between estimated FVIII levels and reported bleeds was investigated to predict the potential for zero bleeds. Methods: Six

INTRODUCTION: Despite much literature on reference values of acid-base status in umbilical cord blood at birth, there are as yet no studies performed to determine gestational age-dependent references in cord venous blood and no studies on preterm acid-base standards. Similarly, the normal reference range of Apgar scores for term and preterm infants has not yet been determined.MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Everything we see in nature shows how the environment influences them from both inside and outside, for example, appearance and inner structure. As Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, specific behavioural and physical adaptations that are the outcome of natural selection. [1] The outer appearance is a visible reflection of how environment changed while the inner structure is the organism

Denna uppsats behandlar framtida utfästelser att överlåta fast egendom och i synnerhet ersättningsklausuler som kopplats till utfästelsen. Framtida utfästelser att överlåta fast egendom har ingen rättsverkan på så sätt att en överlåtelse inte kan framtvingas. Som huvudregel kan heller inte en part som drar sig ur åläggas att betala skadestånd. Den part som ändå vill sätta press på sin motpart kan This paper deals with future commitments to transfer immovable property and especially compensation clauses connected to the commitment. Future commitments to transfer immovable property has no legal effect, a party can not enforce transfer. Nor can a party be required to pay damages. A party that wants to put pressure on its counterpart can induce a special commitment to replace possible damages.

Current advances in Deep Learning have shown significant improvements in common Machine Learning applications such as image, speech and text recognition. Specifically, in order to process time series, deep Neural Networks (NNs) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units are widely used in sequence recognition problems to store recent information and to use it for future predictions. The efficiency i

I Sverige förekommer fortfarande problem med hedersrelaterade våldsbrott. År 2016 var en tredjedel av alla mord som begicks mot kvinnor hedersrelaterade. Många röster har höjts för att en straffskärpning bör ske på området. Mitt syfte med uppsatsen har varit att utreda om det finns ett behov att införa en särreglering vad gäller våldsbrott med heder som motiv i straffskärpande syfte. Följande frågIn Sweden there are still problems with honor-related violent crime. In 2016, one third of all murders committed against women were honor-related murders. Many voices have been raised in order for a punishment to take place in the area. The purpose of the present paper has been to investigate whether there is a need to introduce a special regime for violent crime with honor as a motive for puniti

I entreprenadprojekt finns det en risk för att entreprenören av någon anledning avbryter eller befaras avbryta arbetet. En eventuell domstolsprocess avseende fullgörelse av entreprenadavtalet riskerar dock att bli tidsödande och hindra projektets framdrift. Det ligger därför i beställarens intresse att entreprenören, genom förordnande om civilprocessuell säkerhetsåtgärd enligt 15 kap. 3 § RB, kan There is a risk that a contractor discontinues or plans to discontinue the work during construction. Potential court proceedings regarding the performance of the construction contract could be time-consuming and delay the whole project. Therefore, it is in the customer’s interest that the contractor, by a security measure (preliminary injunction), can be required to continue the contract work or p

Geologisk tid är inte bara ett tröskelbegrepp, det är en central del i hur vi erfar geovetenskapliga fenomen som utspelar sig på en rumtids-skala som sträcker sig från mikro (exempelvis molnbildning) till makro (exempelvis plattektonik). Om vi vill förstå geovetenskapliga fenomen måste vi gå från det konkreta till det ab-strakta, vi måste gå från att kunna se och ta på fenomen till att enbart kunnGeologic time is more than a threshold concept, it is a central part of how we experience geoscientific phenomena that takes place on a space and time scale ranging from micro (e.g. cloud formation) to macro (e.g. plate tectonics). If we want to understand earth science phenomena, we must move from the concrete to the ab-stract, we must go from being able to see and touch a phenomenon to being abl

Varje år sker det tusentals olyckor i trafiken i Sverige till följd av det stora transportbehovet i samhället. Transportstyrelsen har ett mål, Nollvisionen, som innebär att ingen ska dödas eller skadas allvarligt i trafiken. För att nå målet är en åtgärd att hastigheten sänks där gång- och cykeltrafik behöver interagera med motorfordon. Det kan man göra i form av sidoförskjutningar, avsmalning av Every year, thousands of traffic accidents occur in Sweden as a result of the transportation need in society. The Swedish Transport Agency has a goal, Vision Zero, which means that no one should die or be severely injured in traffic. To reach the goal one measure is to reduce the speed where pedestrians and cyclists need to interact with motor vehicles. This can be done by chicanes, narrowing of t

Regleringen av olika typer av eutanasi och assisterat döende i Nederländerna och Sverige har redogjorts för och sedan jämförts. Respektive reglering har sedan analyserats i förhållande till för ämnet relevanta etiska teorier för att avgöra huruvida de kan anses ge uttryck för olika etiska synsätt. Aktiv eutanasi, d.v.s. avsiktligt förkortande av en annan människas liv, är bara tillåtet i NederläThis essay analyses and compares the regulation of euthanasia in Sweden and the Netherlands. Each regulation was also compared with ethical frameworks relevant to euthanasia as a way of analysing whether the regulations could be said to express different ethical views. Active euthanasia, i.e. the intended shortening of another person’s life, is legal only in the Netherlands. Every case of active

Detta är en kvalitativ studie, vars syfte är att synliggöra socialarbetares upplevelser av digitala klientmöten. Våra intervjupersoner bestod av fyra frivårdsinspektörer från Frivården och tre socialsekreterare från Socialtjänsten, alla inom utredningsenheten. Intervjupersonernas medverkan har bidragit med kunskap inom forskningsområdet. Resultaten har analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning sThis is a qualitative study; whose purpose is to illuminate the experiences of the social workers within the digital client meetings. Our interviewees consisted of four probation inspectors from the probation service and three social secretaries from the social services, all within the investigation unit. The participation of the interviewees has contributed to knowledge within the research area.