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Self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) provides an attractive nanolithography approach, which looks especially promising for fabrication of regular structures with characteristic sizes below 10 nm. Nevertheless, directed self-assembly (DSA) and pattern transfer for BCPs with such small features remain to be a challenge. Here we demonstrate DSA of the maltoheptaose-block-polystyrene (MH1,2k-b-PS4

This study investigates ideas about masculinity in criminal gangs, and how these ideas affect disengagement from gangs. A major problem with criminal gangs is that since they are outside society’s laws and norms, it is difficult for the judiciary to counter them with law enforcement. It is not possible to change gang member’s behaviors solely with laws, which leaves the legal system with a blind s

Hur kan man optimera den fysiska användarupplevelsen vid laddningen av elbilar? Bilindustrin står inför en stor utmaning med övergången från bensin- och dieselbilar till elbilar. Elektrifieringen resulterar i helt nya vanor och interaktioner för användarna vilket påverkar användarupplevelsen. Genom att designa de parametrar som påverkar den fysiska användarupplevelsen kan man optimera laddningsprThe car sector is facing a big challenge with the conversion from gasoline and diesel vehicles towards electric vehicles. This electrification results in new habits and interactions for the users. The major objective for this study is to investigate how to facilitate the charging procedure for the electric vehicle users. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how to, as effectively as possible,

I dagens digitaliserade samhälle möter utgivare och publicister av traditionellt tryckt media stora ekonomiska motgångar vid försäljningen av exempelvis nyhetstidningar eller andra tidskrifter. Således har majoriteten av utläggare idag gjort sina publikationer tillgängliga för läsare online. De digitala intäkterna lyckas dock inte väga upp för de förluster utgivarna lider av den nedåtgående försälIn today's digitized society, publishers of legacy printed media face major financial hardships in the sale of newspapers and other magazines. Thus, most publishers today have made their publications available to readers online. However, digital revenues do not make up for the losses that the publishers suffer from the decreasing sales of printed media. This can in part be attributed to the fa

The purpose of this research has been to examine how experience of domestic violence during the childhood is expressed to the public, and what kind of self-image this description conveys. We chose to perform this research with a hermeneutical content analysis method, as this allows us to use texts written by people with experience of violence during their childhood. To perform this research we hav

Utveckling av mätteknik för mätning av rörligheten i knäleder hos barn med Cerebral pares Cerebral pares (CP) är en neurologisk störning som kan leda till förlust eller nedsättning av de motoriska funktioner som påverkar kroppens rörelser, muskelkontroll, koordination och balans. CP kan orsaka obalanser mellan musklerna som kan leda till kontrakturer. Kontrakturer innebär att musklerna förkortas Cerebral Palsy, commonly referred to as CP, is a neurological disorder that results in loss or impairment of motor function, which affects body movement, muscle control, muscle coordination and balance. In Sweden, about 200 children are diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy every year and the disorder can cause imbalances between the muscles. These imbalances can lead to contractures which is equiva- lent

En ny underfamilj av cellulära vakter i växter Heterologt överuttryck av proteiner innebär att en gen som kodar för ett protein uttrycks i en annan värdorganism som normalt inte har den genen i sin arvsmassa. Inom biokemisk forskning är detta en viktig metod för att kunna studera proteiners struktur och funktion. Tyvärr kan uttrycket av en främmande gen medföra skador på värdorganismens celluläraHeterologous overexpression of proteins signifies that the encoding gene of a protein in one organism is expressed in another host organism that normally does not have that gene in its genome. In basic biochemical research, this is an important method for studying various protein functions such as activity and interactions in biological processes, as well as obtaining sufficient amounts to determi

Denna rapport är en utvärdering av brandskyddet med avseende på personsäkerheten i Lunds domkyrka. Lunds domkyrka uppfördes på 1100-talet och ligger i centrala Lund. I kyrkan hålls en mängd olika evenemang, vid stora evenemangen kan uppemot 950 personer vistas i kyrkan. Ett virtuellt platsbesök hölls med domkyrkokamrerare Mats Persson och Elisabet Nord som är ansvarig för vaktmästeriet den 25 marThe following report is an evaluation of human safety in Lund Cathedral with regards to a potential fire and evacuation. With the help of a virtual visit to the cathedral, pictures and statistics from The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB), a general risk assessment was conducted in which possible fire- and evacuation scenarios were identified. A qualitative assessment of the probability and

The aim of this paper is to illuminate and discuss the political and ideological aspects of Early Medieval Nordic music. Due to shortage of sources, this issue has been overlooked until now. Did Early Medieval Nordic music meet the requirements for political and ideological use? In what ways could music potentially be used politically and ideologically? Was music used as a political and ideologica

The success of a company increasingly depends on the efficiency and effectiveness on its activities along the product life cycle. In the effort of optimizing its activities, companies must integrate themselves. Due to the significance packaging has within many of these activities, it is of utmost importance to integrate product and packaging development activities in order to optimize processes.

This research is a critical analysis of a delay regime for multimodal transport, or door-to-door transport. At this day, there are no mandatory rules governing multimodal transport, but a process of creating a set of rules are pending both within UNCITRAL as well as the European Union. Due to the increased use of containers in shipping, multimodal transport has become more common. For this purpose

Det finns inga internationella åtaganden som innebär en skyldighet för Sverige att ge parter i tvistemål tillgång till en prövning av en andra instans. Dock ska parter enligt Europakonventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna tillförsäkras en rätt till domstolsprövning och en rättssäker process. En möjlighet till överprövning av den första instansens avgöranEven though the definition of legal certainty is controversial, it may be considered generally accepted that the substantive aspect of legal certainty requires that judicial decisions are substantially right. It is also quite clear that the formal aspect of legal certainty includes a requirement of predictability concerning judicial decision making. Sweden has no enforceable international obliga

Therapeutic hypothermia has been found to improve hemodynamic and metabolic parameters in cardiogenic shock. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a pro-thrombolytic enzyme, which also possesses pro-inflammatory properties. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are pro-inflammatory cytokines; interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) are anti-in

We present a network of sites across Fennoscandia for optical sampling of vegetation properties relevant for phenology monitoring and satellite data calibration. The network currently consists of five sites, distributed along an N-S gradient through Sweden and Finland. Two sites are located in coniferous forests, one in a deciduous forest, and two on peatland. The instrumentation consists of dual-

In the study presented in this paper, experimental data from a pneumatic hybrid has been compared to the results from a simulation of the engine in GT-Power. The engine in question is a single-cylinder Scania D12 diesel engine, which has been converted to work as a pneumatic hybrid. The base engine model, provided by Scania, is made in GT-Power and it is based on the same engine configuration as t

Objectives:Body size is postulated to modulate type 1 diabetes as either a trigger of islet autoimmunity or an accelerator to clinical onset after seroconversion. As overweight and obesity continue to rise among children, the aim of this study was to determine whether human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) genotypes may be related to body size among children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes.Me

The spectrum of laser-generated acoustic phonons in indium antimonide coated with a thin nickel film has been studied using time-resolved x-ray diffraction. Strain pulses that can be considered to be built up from coherent phonons were generated in the nickel film by absorption of short laser pulses. Acoustic reflections at the Ni-InSb interface leads to interference that strongly modifies the res

This study investigates how the debt levels of firms belonging to the Nordic market change over time and what determines these changes. We find that contemporaneous changes in leverage are mainly determined by profitability, market timing, leverage deficits (deviations from target leverage) and changes in targets. We find two factors whose effects persist for at least ten years, namely profitabili

In 2003 France introduced an ecologic protection zone off its Mediterranean coast. In that zone France has jurisdiction regarding environmental protection. This thesis will examine whether the zone is in conformity with existing international law and whether it was a necessary measure despite all the existing environmental protection in the Mediterranean Sea area. The thesis is structured as a com

Background Open abdomen (OA) treatment often results in difficulties in closing the abdomen. Highest closure rates are seen with the vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAWC) technique. However, we have experienced occasional failures with this technique in cases with severe visceral swelling needing longer treatment periods with open abdomen. Feasibility and short-term outcome of a novel combination o