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Background The extent to which adult height, a biomarker of the interplay of genetic endowment and early-life experiences, is related to risk of chronic diseases in adulthood is uncertain. Methods We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for height, assessed in increments of 6.5 cm, using individual-participant data on 174 374 deaths or major non-fatal vascular outcomes recorded among 1 085 949 people in

The apparent permeability index is widely used as part of a general screening process to study drug absorption, and is routinely obtained from in vitro or ex vivo experiments. A classical example, widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, is the in vitro Caco-2 cell culture model. The index is defined as the initial flux of compound through the membrane (normalized by membrane surface area and d

The activity of the potent but highly toxic antifungal drug Amphotericin B (AmB), used intravenously to treat systemic fungal and parasitic infections, is widely accepted to result from its specific interaction with the fungal sterol ergosterol. While the effect of sterols on AmB activity has been intensely investigated, the role of membrane phospholipid composition has largely been ignored, and s

The evolution of complex life over the past 600 million years was disrupted by at least five mass extinctions, one of which occurred at the close of the Triassic period. The end-Triassic extinction corresponds to a period of high atmospheric-CO 2 concentrations caused by massive volcanism and biomass burning; most extinction scenarios invoke the resulting environmental perturbations in accounting

Sex differences in selection are ubiquitous in sexually reproducing organisms. When the genetic basis of traits is shared between the sexes, such sexually antagonistic selection (SAS) creates a potential constraint on adaptive evolution. Theory and laboratory experiments suggest that environmental variation and the degree of local adaptation may all affect the frequency and intensity of SAS. Here,

It is difficult to overstate the importance of the concept sovereignty for international relations (IR). And yet, understanding the historical emergence of sovereignty in international relations has long been curtailed by the all-encompassing myth of the Peace of Westphalia. While criticism of this myth has opened space for further historical inquiry in recent years, it has also raised important q

Metastatic breast cancer is responsible for most breast cancer-related deaths. Disseminated cancer cells have developed an intrinsic ability to resist anchorage-dependent apoptosis (anoikis). Anoikis is caused by the absence of cellular adhesion, a process that underpins lumen formation and maintenance during mammary gland development and homeostasis. In healthy cells, anoikis is mostly governed b

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingens huvudsakliga syfte är att utforska unga kvinnors levda erfarenheter av en kropp som å ena sidan betraktas som avvikande – den fysiskt funktionsnedsatta eller rörelsehindrade kroppen – å andra sidan betraktas som presterande – den idrottande kroppen. De frågor som ställs i avhandlingen är hur de unga kvinnorna förhandlar de båda subjektspositioner som uppstThe main aim of this thesis is to explore young women’s lived experience of the body, which, on one hand, is viewed as deviant – the disabled body – and, on the other hand, is viewed as accomplished – the sporting body. The questions posed in the thesis are the following: how do the young women handle the two subject positions that emerge as a result of the perception of them as respectively devia

The subject matter of the thesis is the comprehensive - legal and multidisciplinary - analysis of the terms 'peoples' and 'minorities' in international law. The argument of the author proceeds in four parts: the Problematique which deals with the 'minority challenge' and the international normative response to that challenge; the Critique, criticizing the basic underlying assumptions of the discou

Aquaporins of the TIP subfamily (Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins) have been suggested to facilitate permeation of water and ammonia across the vacuolar membrane of plants, allowing the vacuole to efficiently sequester ammonium ions and counteract cytosolic fluctuations of ammonia. Here, we report the structure determined at 1.18 Å resolution from twinned crystals of Arabidopsis thaliana aquaporin AtT

The purpose of this thesis has been to analyse the mechanism of the market driving approach carried out by a global organisation with a corporate brand. Market driving is a new organisational approach to strategy that lacks a solid theoretical framework, but constitutes a reality of global firms such as IKEA, The Body Shop, Benetton, Dell, Hennes and Mauritz, Starbucks. In the literature, the mark

Under årens lopp har människan gjort stora landvinningar inom läkemedelsforskning, vilket har lett fram till avancerade läkemedel som idag tas för givna. Avancerade läkemedel sätter dock höga krav på tillverkarna av läkemedel, vilket har lett till att framtagandet av nya läkemedel är en ganska komplicerad process. Faktum är att dagens läkemedelsutveckling är så komplex att alla aspekter förmodligePopular Abstract in Swedish Under årens lopp har människan gjort stora landvinningar inom läkemedelsforskning, vilket har lett fram till avancerade läkemedel som idag tas för givna. Avancerade läkemedel sätter dock höga krav på tillverkarna av läkemedel, vilket har lett till att framtagandet av nya läkemedel är en ganska komplicerad process. Faktum är att dagens läkemedelsutveckling är så komplex

A major question in organizations is how to support Business Processes (BPs) by an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. In this paper we present thoughts on designing implementation processes of ERPs using a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based perspective: The starting point is based on the idea of decomposing an ERP from a SOA based perspective and thereby supporting automation of imp