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Rättstillämpare ställs ofta inför juridiska frågor, problem och bedömningar och behöver lösa dessa även när det inte finns uttryckliga och specificerade lagbestämmelser att tillgå. Rättstillämpare förlitar sig på rättsprinciper för att tolka vaga och otydliga lagbestämmelser. Till skillnad från rättsregler är inte ursprunget till rättsprinciper uppenbar. De är ofta inte befästa genom lag och medföJudges and authorities are often faced with legal issues, problems and assessments and need to resolve these even when there are no explicit and specified legal rules available. They then rely on legal principles to interpret vague and unclear legal rules. Unlike legal rules, the origin of legal principles is not obvious. They are often not consolidated by law and therefore entail an unpredictabil

Var och en som anklagas för brott ska enligt Europakonventionen tillförsäkras rätten till en rättvis rättegång samt rätten att betraktas som oskyldig fram till dess att motsatsen bevisats. Genom denna oskyldighetspresumtion ska den tilltalade i en brottmålsrättegång inte behöva bevisa sig fri och har därför även rätten att vara tyst. Som en konsekvens av oskyldighetspresumtionen är det därför åklaAccording to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, everyone accused of a crime must be guaranteed the right to a fair trial and the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty. Due to the presumption of innocence, the accused in a criminal trial should not have to prove his or her innocence and therefore also has the right to remain silent. As a

Background and objectives Baonaise is a novel plant-based savoury sauce. Baonaise sauce base (BSB) is produced from baobab fruit pulp. Creaming and phase separation were observed in Baonasie from previous studies at the company. In this study, concentration, temperature and type of oil, speed and time of mixing were studied to investigate the factors influencing the physical stability of baobab p

Background and objectives Baonaise is a novel plant-based savoury sauce. Baonaise sauce base (BSB) is produced from baobab fruit pulp. Creaming and phase separation were observed in Baonasie from previous studies at the company. In this study, concentration, temperature and type of oil, speed and time of mixing were studied to investigate the factors influencing the physical stability of baobab p

Hyran för kommersiella lokaler regleras utifrån principen om marknadshyra, vilken sätts av ingående kontrakt mellan hyresvärd och hyresgäst. Hyresavtalen beror vanligtvis på lokalens fastighetsanknutna attribut och medför givetvis att hyresnivåerna kommer att skilja sig åt mellan varje enskilt kontrakt. Förfarandet vid avtalsupprättande är välbeprövat och finns reglerat i Jordabalken (1979:994). SThe rents for commercial premises are regulated by the principle of market rent, which are set by contracts between landlords and tenants. The leases typically depends on the property related attributes and naturally means that rental levels will differ between each individual contract. However, according to the Swedish property indicator, the general rent levels of commercial stores and offices,

With the diminishing reserves of oil and the growing public concern for environmental issues, the end of gasoline powered vehicles is getting closer each year. To prevent this from causing the personal and comfortable way of transportation mankind has gotten used to, to die with them, an alternative without the downsides of the gasoline engine must be developed. The environmentally friendly electr

A combination of acoustic trapping and impedance spectroscopy for micrometer-sized objects is here presented for the first time. Acoustic trapping has proven to be a well-functioning method for non-contact immobilization and positioning of particles or cells in microfluidic channels. The combination with impedance spectroscopy allows for simultaneous electrical measurements on the trapped objects.

The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze the development of the agriculture in the county of Skåne (Scania) and to see if there are explanations to be found why the agricultural land is exploited today. By theories from human ecology I discuss the interconnections between human, nature and society both in a historical and a present perspective. Focus is on how the landscape, humans an

Sufficient solute and water removal are crucial for adequate peritoneal dialy- sis (PD) treatment. However, present clinical tests for peritoneal membrane trans- port characteristics are cumbersome and time consuming. Here, a mathematical model consisting of linear differential equations aiming to describe the complex process of solute and water transport accross the peritoneal membrane, in order

The purpose of this paper is to find possible measures to tackle algorithmic collusion, caused especially by pricing algorithms, from the perspective of competition law. This paper does not intend to analyse all possible measures that may exist, but rather, focus on a few measures that are seen reasonable. Before proceeding further to analyse these possible measures, the concepts of algorithms and

I upphandlingsmål ska officialprincipen tillämpas på ett försiktigt sätt. Syftet med uppsatsen är att söka klarhet i om det införts en åberopsbörda i upphandlingsmål likt den som finns för dispositiva tvistemål samt hur en eventuell åberopsbörda samspelar med officialprincipen. Uppsatsen ämnar besvara två frågeställningar: hur kan vi förstå förvaltningsprocessens regler i FPL samt praxis i förhållThe thesis aims to determine if a burden of proof exists in public procurement cases. Further, the aim is to investigate how a possible burden of proof interacts with the ex officio inquiry principle . By using a legal dogmatic method, the thesis will answer two questions. How do the rules in FPL and Swedish case law compare to the burden of proof in the Swedish Code of Judicial Procedure (RB)? Ho

The Planes of Satellites Problem is an open question within the field of galaxy formation. It is based on the observations that the Milky Way's satellites, as well as those around the Andromeda (M31) galaxy, align in planes. This applies both to the satellites' positions lying close to the plane of best fit, and to the satellites' orbital planes aligning within a narrow angle. Such pla

När nazistiska Nordiska motståndsrörelsen demonstrerade i Göteborg 30 september 2017 skapade det livlig debatt i media om rasistiska partiers rättigheter. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att vidga perspektivet på diskussionen i Sverige genom att undersöka hur stater kan bekämpa rasistiska partier utifrån idén om militant demokrati. Uppsatsen redogör för konceptet militant demokrati och undersöker On the 30th of September 2017 the Swedish Nazi party Nordiska motståndsrörelsen had a permit to demonstrate in the streets of Gothenburg. This was followed by a heated debate in the media on the rights of these kind of parties. The purpose of this essay is to add a wider perspective on the discussion in Sweden by examining how states can combat racist parties on the basis of militant democracy. Th

Denna studie ämnar att redogöra potentialen för energigemenskaper i Näsby, Kristianstad. Detta utreds i arbetet genom att undersöka om lokalnätet kan avlastas, samt om elnätskunderna kan erhålla kostnadsbesparingar. Rapporten är ett examensarbete för en civilingenjörsexamen i maskinteknik på Lunds Tekniska Högskola, och utförs tillsammans med C4 Energi AB. Studien omfattar en litteraturstudie som The aim of this study is to examine the potential of energy communities in Näsby, Kristianstad, and more specifically the values they may provide the involved parties. This report is a Master’s thesis written at Lunds Tekniska Högskola, in collaboration with C4 Energi AB. The study involves a literature study with the purpose of determining in what form an energy community could be constructed in

Mäns våld mot kvinnor och våld i nära relation utgör ett allvarligt samhälls- och jämställdhetsproblem. För att synliggöra våldet infördes år 1998 brottet grov kvinnofridskränkning i brottsbalkens 4 kap. 4 a § 2 st. Brottet var avsett att fånga upprepade kränkningar inom ramen för en nära relation som begås av en man mot en kvinna. Uppsatsen syftar till att redogöra för gällande rätt, samt undersöMen’s violence against women and violence in intimate relationships consti-tute a serious social and gender equality issue. To raise awareness of this violence, the crime of gross violation of a woman’s integrity was introduced in 1998 under Chapter 4, Section 4a, Paragraph 2 of the Penal Code. The crime was intended to address repeated violations within the context of an intimate relationship com

Uppsatsen undersöker hur straffrättsligt medverkansansvar ska förstås och avgränsas i förhållande till brottet hedersförtryck i 4 kap. 4 e § brottsbalken (BrB). Särskilt analyseras situationer där flera personer deltar i olika delar av den brottslighet som tillsammans utgör det sammansatta brottet hedersförtryck. Fokus ligger främst på frågor om medhjälp, medgärningsmannaskap, underlåtenhet och upThis thesis examines how criminal liability for complicity should be under-stood and defined in relation to the crime of honor-based oppression under Chapter 4, Section 4e of the Swedish Penal Code. It analyzes situations in which multiple individuals participate in different aspects of the criminal conduct that constitute the composite crime of honor-based oppression. The focus is primarily on is

The purpose of this thesis is two-fold: implement and evaluate a method, the Fast Correlation-Based Filter (FCBF) by Yu et al., for feature selection applied on a meteorological data set consisting of 19 weather variables from 606 locations in Scandinavia, and investigate whether geography can be exploited in the search for relevant features. Four areas are chosen as target areas where load predic

Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural networks have gained popularity for applications such as keyword spotting, speech recognition and other artificial intelligence applications. Typically for most applications training and inference is performed on cloud servers, and the result are transferred to the power constrained device, e.g., an hearing instrument (HI). This approach has disadvantages such as

The changing customers’ behavior nowadays strongly affects the market situation in any type of industries. Markets are demanding a shorter delivery lead time, shorter product life cycle and higher flexibility to fulfill customers’ expectation. In order to fully adapt in this kind of situation and maintain competitiveness in the market, a company need to have better collaboration internally and ext

In the global context of an ever-growing trend of automobility and all its drawbacks, cycling offers an environmentally and socially sustainable transport alternative. Copenhagen has become one of the best cities for cycling, and impressive advances in promoting this practice have raised their cycling share up to 41% of all trips to work/education. However, municipal cycling goals have been postpo