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Background: The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and remains poorly understood. The European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (EUROSCOP) investigated long-term effects of budesonide; 18% of the COPD participants were atopic. So far effects of atopy on the long-term course of COPD have not been elucidated. Methods: Factors related to the presence of atopy (positive
Background: Ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval is often performed under local anaesthesia on an outpatient basis. The objective of this study was to compare the overall pain experience of a newly designed reduced needle (RN) compared with a thicker standard needle (SN). Methods: A prospective, randomized, multi-centre study was performed at four different clinics from June to December
BACKGROUND: Some autoimmune disorders have been linked to venous thromboembolism. We examined whether there is an association between autoimmune disorders and risk of pulmonary embolism. METHODS: We followed up all individuals in Sweden without previous hospital admission for venous thromboembolism and with a primary or secondary diagnosis of an autoimmune disorder between Jan 1, 1964, and Dec 31,
Purpose Chronic hypoxic and hypercapnic respiratory failure and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are chronic diseases associated with decreased quality of life and increased mortality. The rationale behind the set up the retrospective nationwide DISCOVERY cohort was to study several questions including disease course and risk factors for incident disease, impaired quality of life, hospitalisation ri
This paper is a comprehensive review of in-cycle closed-loop combustion controllers to achieve higher indicated efficiencies. Closed-loop combustion control reduces the effect of external disturbances and system uncertainties, which permit tighter safety margins and robust operation with a reduced calibration effort. The paper combines different components of previous investigations by the authors
Popular Abstract in English The word “combustion” describes a number of physical and chemical processes, whose common characteristic is an interaction between fuel and oxygen and their subsequent transformation into products, such as CO2 and water. Even though the process is often described as a single chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen, in reality, their chemical transformation requires maThe laminar burning velocity and the flame structure are common targets for combustion studies aimed at detailed kinetic model development. In the present work, fuels relevant to hydrogen combustion were considered. The laminar burning velocity of rich and lean hydrogen flames was studied experimentally and numerically, including its pressure dependence in rich mixtures and temperature dependence
I svensk straffrätt är alla medborgare föremål för åtal även om individen lider av en allvarlig psykisk störning. Åtalade som lider av en allvarlig psykisk störning kan få rättspsykiatrisk vård som påföljd. Rättspsykiatrisk vård är en tidsobestämd påföljd som inte kan kombineras med ett fängelsestraff. Vården kan förenas med en så kallad särskild utskrivningsprövning om det finns risk för att persIn Swedish penal law all defendants can be prosecuted even if they suffer from a serious mental disorder. These defendants can be sentenced to forensic psychiatric care for an indefinite time. In today’s system there are no possibilities to combine psychiatric care with prison as a penalty. The psychiatric care can be combined with a special discharge review that enables the convicted’s sentence t
This thesis presents the first attempt to estimate Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in inland waters over a large-scale area using satellite data and machine learning (ML) methods. Four ML approaches, namely Random Forest Regression (RFR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and a Multilayer Backpropagation Neural Network (MBPNN) were tested to retrieve DOC using a fi
AB 04 inbegriper ett antal bestämmelser som reglerar dels planering och dels de verktyg som är avsedda att åtgärda projekt som riskerar att försenas. Dessa regleringar är föremål för denna uppsats, med särskilt avseende på AB 04 kap. 4 § 6 som reglerar parternas forceringsmöjligheterna samt kap. 3 § 9 som fastslår att beställaren har ett samordningsansvar. För att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte har utAB 04 includes several provisions that regulate planning as well as the tools intended to remedy projects that risk being delayed. These provisions are the subject of this thesis, with special regard to AB 04 chapter 4 § 6 which regulates the acceleration opportunities the parties have, and AB 04 chapter § 9 which states that the client has a coordination responsibility. In order to fulfill the p
The Circular Economy (CE) has gained global recognition as a way to enable sustainability improvements in production and consumption systems. Numerous circularity indicators (c-indicators) have been developed by academia and practitioners to be used at the company level as analytical tools to measure progress towards a more circular economy. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical evidence on t
Paul the Apostle was a very diligent man in many things. Both before his conversion and afterwards he did not cease to work towards his goals; before the conversion eagerly tracking the people believing in Jesus and after his conversion travelling as a missionary, founding churches, writing letters, pursuing his primary target spreading the Gospel. At the same time, he also upheld a regular job. H
Nearly one third of the global food is wasted. Microbial spoilage is a major factor in food waste, and it can happen at any point along the supply chain. Greenhouse grown English long cucumbers, one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Europe, were studied for weight changes and the presence of microbiological populations during the shelf life in this project. The main methods used in th
This project tested the potential of plant based milk powders to function as an animal-based milk powder by testing them on multiple characteristics. The powders were produced using spray drying techniques, obtained using formulations differentiating in protein amount, ratio of maltodextrin:sucrose and two different protein sources. The different ratios were 100% sucrose; 100% maltodextrin; 50% ma
Varumärken gör det möjligt för näringsidkare att särskilja och främja sina varor och tjänster i förhållande till andra näringsidkare. Vidare identifierar varumärken varor och tjänsters ursprung, vilket gör det möjligt för konsumenter att härleda dessa, samt upprepa eller undvika köp. Detta ger i sin tur näringsidkare incitament att investera och behålla en viss kvalitetsnivå. Näringsidkare kan, blTrademarks enable companies to distinguish and promote their goods and services vis-à-vis others and identify the origin of goods and services. This enables consumers to trace them, as well as repeat or avoid purchases. Trademarks give companies the incentive to invest and maintain a certain level of quality. As an example, companies can use their trademarks to get new, and keep existing, customer
The galloping pace of development in the field of wireless communication has left the world astounded over the last decade. But this has also led to a wild and inexcusable extravagant expenditure of energy. Due to the dynamic nature of wireless network, it has become imperative to focus more on energy efficiency and achieve desired Quality of Service (QoS). The challenge of diminishing the carbon
En aktiekurva är känd för att ha sina upp- och nedgångar, så kallade bull- och bearmarknader. I denna uppsats har en matematisk modell utvecklats för att genom historiska priser kunna förutsäga om marknaden i framtiden kommer gå upp eller ned. Att förutspå om börsen kommer att gå upp eller ned kan enligt vissa definieras som finansmarknadens heliga graal. För analytiker och förvaltare är arbetsuppThe work in this thesis is meant to improve an existing algorithm described in Nystrup (2017). As the original model uses a normal distribution to approximate the daily logarithmic returns, the authors of this thesis aim to improve the approximation by using Student’s t-distribution which may be a better approximation of financial data. The algorithm uses a two state hidden Markov model to estimat
Introduction: In recent years, the e-commerce industry has developed at extremely high speed all over the world and becomes the sunrise industry. Besides, there is a megatrend that customers are pursuing better experience along the whole shopping journey. Statistics show that good reverse logistics service is an efficient way to improve customers satisfaction level. Among the reverse logistics, th
Den svenska sexualbrottslagstiftningen har genomgått stora förändringar över åren. Våldtäktsbestämmelsen har på olika sätt utvidgats och tvångskravet har sänkts med tiden. Syftet har delvis varit att förstärka och tydliggöra rätten till sexuellt självbestämmande och sexuell integritet. Detta är två begrepp som har varit återkommande i sexualbrottslagstiftningen under senare år. Trots detta har tvåThe Swedish legislation on sexual offences has been subject to major changes over the years. The provision of rape has in various ways been extended and the coercion requirement has been reduced over time. The purpose of the changes has partly been to strengthen and clarify the sexual integrity and self-determination – two concepts that have been recurring in the legislation on sexual offences in
Entreprenadrätten skiljer sig från traditionell avtalsrätt genom sina specifika särdrag samt den utbredda användningen av standardavtal. Konsumenttjänst-lagen tillämplig lag för konsumententreprenader. Villaägarnas riksförbund har tagit fram standardavtalet ABS 18 som ett komplement till KtjL. Eftersom avtalsfrihet råder kan det ske, att parterna ingår avtal med AB 04 eller ABT 06. Om ett standardSwedish construction law differs from traditional contract law due to its spe-cific features and the widespread use of standardized contracts. The Consumer Services Act (Konsumenttjänstlagen) is the applicable law for consumer con-struction contracts. The Homeowners' Association has also developed the standardized contract ABS 18 as a complement to the law. Since contractual freedom prevails,
Galaxies with high redshift (z) are galaxies in the early universe, and they differ from local ones. They often show more irregular morphologies and significantly different kinematic properties, as turbulent motion dominates. These early galaxies have higher gas velocity dispersion (σ) and lower rotation-to-dispersion (vrot/σ) values. Recent findings from both the JWST and the Atacama Large Millim
