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Effective pollination is a complex phenomenon determined by the outcome of the interaction between pollen transfer and a plants' pollinator dependency, yet most studies investigate pollinator effectiveness without consideration of plant mating system differences. We investigated pollinator effectiveness in three types of blueberry that differed in their degree of pollinator dependency as measured
Pulse wave velocity is an established marker of early vascular aging but may also help identifying individuals with supernormal vascular aging. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with the largest difference (Δ-age) between chronological and vascular age show the lowest rate of cardiovascular events and may thus be defined as supernormal vascular aging. Vascular age was defined as the predic
Purpose: For exercise testing of COPD patients, a standard endurance test (ET) with constant workload is recommended. The test suffers from large inter-individual variability and need for large sample sizes in order to evaluate treatment effects. Methods: A new protocol for ET in COPD was designed. In contrast to the standard ET, the new ET involved an increasing workload in order to reduce the st
Objective: During the investigation of adrenal incidentalomas, it is important to accurately diagnose autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) but the specificity of cortisol ≥50 nmol/L after overnight dexamethasone suppression (cortisolONDST) is low. Therefore, ACTH following overnight dexamethasone suppression (ACTHONDST) and cortisol following a 2-day dexamethasone suppression test (cortisol2-DAYDST
BACKGROUND: The impact of hearing loss on the individual and his/her everyday life can be assessed using questionnaires with the purpose to improve rehabilitation quality. The Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) can be used to evaluate disability in everyday life associated with hearing loss. Previous studies have examined APHAB outcomes in sensorineural hearing loss and we do not
Context.-The diagnostic distinction of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors from non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) is clinically relevant for prognostication and treatment. Diagnosis is based on morphology and immunohistochemical staining. Objective.-To determine the diagnostic value of insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1), in comparison with established NE markers, in pulmonary tumors. D
Objectives: To validate prospectively five mathematical models published in 2007 for calculating the risk of endometrial malignancy in a defined high-risk group of patients with postmenopausal bleeding and sonographic endometrial thickness≥4.5mm. Methods: Of 1012 consecutive patients, 379 fulfilled our inclusion criteria, which were the same as those of the original study in which the models were
Background: Socioeconomic status and geographical factors are associated with health and use of healthcare. Well-performing primary care contributes to better health and more adequate healthcare. In a primary care system based on patient's choice of practice, this choice (listing) is a key to understand the system. Objective: To explore the relationship between population and practices in a primar
Popular Science SummaryOat is one of the cereals that has been increasing in popularity during the last years. Oats are usually consumed for breakfast as a porridge, muesli, bread, or oat drinks which are included in, for example, smoothies. But why is it important to consume oats?There are two types of cholesterol, bad cholesterol and good cholesterol. The bad cholesterol can build up plaque insiCardiovascular diseases are among the most important causes of death in thedeveloped countries. These diseases are partly caused by too high cholesterolconcentrations in the blood. Avena sativa, oat, is the most common spieces of the genus Avena, and produced in huge amounts worldwide. Oats have been shown to have cholesterol-lowering properties since the 1960s. This property was originally attrib
Inhibitory control refers to the ability to stop impulses in favor of more appropriate behavior, and it constitutes one of the underlying cognitive functions associated with cognitive flexibility. Much attention has been given to cross-species comparisons of inhibitory control; however, less is known about how and when these abilities develop. Mapping the ontogeny of inhibitory control in differen
Purpose: Today’s chemical society use and emit an enormous number of different, potentially ecotoxic, chemicals to the environment. The vast majority of substances do not have characterisation factors describing their ecotoxicity potential. A first stage, high throughput, screening tool is needed for prioritisation of which substances need further measures. Methods: USEtox characterisation factors
Monitoring long-term biomass dynamics in drylands is of great importance for many environmental applications including land degradation and global carbon cycle modeling. Biomass has extensively been estimated based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a measure of the vegetation greenness. The vegetation optical depth (VOD) derived from satellite passive microwave observations i
Pancreatic islet hormones regulate blood glucose homeostasis. Changes in blood glucose induce oscillations of cytosolic calcium in pancreatic islet cells that trigger secretion of three main hormones: insulin (from β-cells), glucagon (α-cells) and somatostatin (δ-cells). β-Cells, which make up the majority of islet cells and are electrically coupled to each other, respond to the glucose stimulus a
Purpose: Gene therapy for RPE65 retinopathy has been recently approved. The purpose of this study was to assess retinal structure and function in 3 siblings presenting with late-stage RPE65 retinopathy and to assess the unmet need for such therapy in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Search of the retinal dystrophy registry at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital and clinical examination including multimodal
Environmental context Chronic ingestion of arsenic leads to its accumulation in keratinous tissues, which can represent a risk factor for developing cancer. We use synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate chemical bonding of arsenic in the keratins from nail clippings of volunteers from areas in Atlantic Canada with low-to-moderate arsenic contamination of drinking water. The study
BACKGROUND: Consistent data on clinical features, treatment modalities and long-term survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using nationwide quality registers are lacking. This study aimed to describe treatment patterns and survival outcomes in patients diagnosed with HCC using a national maintained database. METHODS: Characteristics and treatment patterns in patients diagnosed w
