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Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In order to successfully infect the human host, S. pyogenes is equipped with tools that modulate the human immune defence. The present thesis explores how different streptococcal proteins interfere with innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and blood coagulation. M protein is a surface-b
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vill man ta en bild av något som rör sig mycket snabbt, krävs det att man använder en kort exponeringstid. Om kamerans slutare är öppen under för lång tid, hinner det man vill fotografera röra sig under tiden filmen exponeras, med resultatet att bilden blir suddig. Kemiska reaktioner där atomer och molekyler är inblandade är exempel på något som sker på väldigt kort tidWhen a low-frequency laser pulse is focused to a high intensity in a gas, the electric field of the laser may become comparable to, or even exceed, the electric field between the electrons and the nucleus in the atom. Under such conditions, through a process known as high-order harmonic generation, bursts of extreme ultraviolet radiation may be emitted, with durations in the attosecond domain (1 a
Most existing remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (ET) algorithms rely exclusively on polar-orbiting satellites with thermal infrared sensors, and therefore the resulting ET values represent only "instantaneous or snapshot" values. However, daily ET is more meaningful and useful in applications. In this study, daily ET estimates are obtained by combining data from the MODIS sensor aboard the p
An important new development within the European ENSEMBLES project has been to explore performance-based weighting of regional climate models (RCMs). Until now, although no weighting has been applied in multi-RCM analyses, one could claim that an assumption of ‘equal weight’ was implicitly adopted. At the same time, different RCMs generate different results, e.g. for various types of extremes, and
Modeling Parkinson's disease remains a major challenge for preclinical researchers, as existing models fail to reliably recapitulate all of the classic features of the disease, namely, the progressive emergence of a bradykinetic motor syndrome with underlying nigrostriatal alpha-synuclein protein accumulation and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. One limitation of the existing models is that they a
Gemcitabine has been the standard chemotherapeutic agent in pancreatic cancer. However, two-thirds of pancreatic tumors display low expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), which mediates cellular entry of the drug, and do not respond to gemcitabine therapy. The objective was to determine the costs of gemcitabine overtreatment and the cost-effectiveness of hENT1 testing
Salt-free ion-paired catanionic amphiphiles of the C-m(+) C-n(-) type, with a high solubility mismatch (n >> m or m >> n) display a remarkable phase behavior in water. A temperature-driven vesicle-to-micelle transition in the dilute side together with a coexistence of two lamellar phases oil the concentrated side is one of the peculiar effects that have been reported for the hexadecyltrimethylammo
Popular Abstract in Swedish Statistik handlar om att beskriva slumpmässiga händelser. Genom att bygga matematiska modeller för hur slumpen beter sig kan man beräkna hur troliga olika händelser är. Skilda ämnen har nytta av olika slags slumpmodeller, men slumpens lagar är universella! Därför kan en slumpmodell som utvecklats inom ett ämne senare visa sig användbar inom ett helt annat. Min avhandlinThis thesis explores models and algorithms in geostatistics and gene mapping. The first part deals with the use of computationally effective lattice models for inference of data with a continuous spatial index. The fundamental idea is to approximate a Gaussian field with a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) on a lattice, and then to conduct a bilinear interpolation of this at non-lattice location
A reduced-order through-flow program has been developed at the Lund Institute of Technology. The goal of the work was to develop and verify a program suitable for scientific studies of coaxial turbines. The program has built-in capability for multiple choked stages, and turbine cooling, as well as flexible modules for state, losses, deviation, and blockage. The code uses Matlab [trademark] as a pl
Colonization consists of two parts, a dispersal phase followed by establishment and reproduction at a new site. Dispersal behaviour influences survival and the access to resources and mates of individuals and is thus closely linked to an organism's fitness. The dispersal ability of two collembolan species, Protaphorura armata and Folsomia fimentaria, was determined in a laboratory experiment. The
Today's electrical energy conversion devices, such as motors, transformers, inductors and generators, are based on laminated magnetic cores for reduction of eddy current losses, imposing a two-dimensional magnetic flux distribution. Using a three-dimensional magnetic flux distribution while maintaining low magnetic losses requires new approaches to magnetic core materials. Soft Magnetic Composites
Popular Abstract in Swedish Föreliggande avhandling, Konsten att lägga pussel. Deckaren och besvärjandet av ondskan i folkhemmet, utgör en litteraturvetenskaplig och kulturhistorisk undersökning av den svenska pusseldeckaren under perioden 1945 till 1965, som var genrens storhetstid i Sverige. De huvudfrågor som avhandlingen ägnas att besvara är hur den svenska pusseldeckaren, under den period som
Popular Abstract in Swedish Gränsen mellan uppsåt och oaktsamhet har gäckat rättsvetenskap och praktiker under 1900-talet. Åtskilliga gånger har uppsåtsdebattens vågor även gått höga i massmedia. Ett exempel är uppståndelsen över hovrättens dom i det så kallade Klippanmålet. Sedan några år finns också ett förslag från den statliga utredningen, "Straffansvarets gränser", att lösa problemet med lagsThe description and explanation of the determination of mens rea, or fault, in this thesis begins so to speak, at the “shop-floor” of criminal law. The analysis is based on a survey of judgements of the Swedish courts of first instance for the years 1989-1992 in cases involving intentional killing, causing death through recklessness/negligence as well as gross assault, where such offences constitu
V&S Sundsvall (a part of V&S Vin & Sprit AB) is a Swedish company producing different alcoholic beverages, mainly for the Swedish market. The company has lately paid increasing attention to supply chain disruption risk issues. In another study, one of the authors (Paulsson 2007) developed a model, called the DRISC (Disruption Risks In Supply Chains) model, for the structuring, evaluati
BACKGROUND. Today, intensive therapy that includes high-close melphalan with autologous stein cell transplantation (ASCT) is considered standard therapy in younger patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. When the current trial was initiated, combined vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (VAD) was the most commonly used induction therapy before ASCT and yielded rapid major responses without i
An improved Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is presented which is applicable to high density ratio 3D flows for a large range of bubble Reynolds number (Re). The method is based on the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible multi-phase flows which are discretized on a Cartesian staggered grid. The multi-grid technique together with the pressure-velocity coupling scheme for multi-phase flows have
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze three models of how patient-reported outcome measures can be connected to clinical outcome measures in cataract surgery to identify opportunities for improvement of quality of care. METHODS: Three models were used to analyze the following questions: Is there a relationship between clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes? (1) Is there a re
BACKGROUND: The P-value approach has been employed to prioritizing genome-wide association (GWA) scan signals, with a genome-wide significance defined by a prior P-value threshold, although this is not ideal. A rationale put forward is that the association signals rather should be expected to give less support for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are rare (with associated low-power test
