The concept of independence within the meaning of Articles 9(1) and 10 of the VAT Directive
Article 9(1) of the VAT Directive requires a person to independently carry out economic activity in order to be considered as taxable for VAT purposes. Article 10 provides a negative definition of the term “independently”, precluding from the scope of this concept persons that are bound to an employer by a contract of employment or any other legal ties creating the relationship of employer and emp
