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Popular Abstract in Swedish Gränsvärden för NOX-utsläppen i avgaserna från tunga dieselmotorer kommer att minskas i den Europeiska Unionen från 3,5 g/kWh (Euro IV) idag till 2,0 g/kWh (Euro V) år 2008. I USA och Japan är trenden likadan och utveckling av ett avgassystem för tunga dieselfordon verkar oundviklig. I detta arbetet har en motorrigg byggts upp som bestod av en 11 l dieselmotor och ett aThe legislative limits for NOX emissions in the exhaust gas from heavy-duty diesel engines will be decreased in the European Union from today 3.5 g/kWh (Euro IV) to 2.0 g/kWh in 2008 (Euro V). In the USA and Japan a similar trend can be seen. Accordingly, the development of an exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy-duty trucks seems unavoidable. In this work, an 11 l diesel engine rig has been bu

Abstract in UndeterminedThis thesis consists of five self-contained chapters: Chapter 1:Effects of driving restrictions on air quality and car use in Bogota Rationing car use at certain times of the day based on license plate numbers has become a popular policy to address traffic congestion and air pollution in several cities around the world. This paper analyzes the effects of moderate and drasti

Abstract in Norwegian Afhandlingens emne er måling af effekt af McKenzie behandlingsmetoden til patienter med uspecifik lænderygbesvær og udvikling af et diagnostisk klassifikationssystem til brug i primærsektoren. McKenzie metoden er en af de mest anvendte af fysioterapeuter i en række vestlige lande til undersøgelse og behandling af patienter med rygbesvær. Delarbejde I er den første publiceredeThe aims of this thesis were to investigate the effects of the Mc-Kenzie method of mechanical diagnosis and therapy compared with that of intensive dynamic strengthening training for patients with non-specific low back pain (NLBP), and to develop a clinical diagnostic classification system for use in primary care. The McKenzie method is one of the most common methods for examination and treatment

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen innehåller fyra artiklar som berör olika aspekter av offentlig omfördelning i välfärdsstaten. Avhandlingen syftar till att ge kunskap om konsekvenser av, motiv för och mätande av och denna omfördelning. Den första artikeln ställer frågan: Hög hög skatteomfördelning från arbetande till icke arbetande kan motiveras av grundantagandet att naturresurser är gemThis thesis is an attempt to generate knowledge about the justification, measurement and consequences of public redistribution. The first paper poses the following question: How much redistribution from working to non-working can be justified by arguing that external resources are owned jointly by all, or that ownership should ideally be divided equally? This question is analyzed using bargaining

The handling of biochemically functionalised beads or particles is becoming increasingly important in µTAS. Bead-based analysis of e.g. proteins can be made sensitive due to the large active surface area and flexible by chemical design of the bead surface. We have developed a microfluidic device utilising an array of integrated and individually controlled ultrasonic microtransducers for particle t

The purpose of this PhD thesis work has been to develop optical techniques that can help utility engineers for assessing the state of insulators in service and in a laboratory. The possibilities to use remote laser induced fluorescence for detection and imaging of biological growth such as algae and fungi have been investigated. Reflectance spectroscopy has also been investigated as a technique fo

The aim of this project has been to study timber house manufacturers and provide guidance to those who aim to increase efficiency through the adaption of product modeling and eventually configuration. The findings in this report are based on a series of case studies within the abovementioned industry, which serves as a basis for the analysis and recommendations given. The Swedish timber house man

We review our recent low-temperature absorption, circular dichroism ( CD), magnetic CD (MCD), fluorescence and laser-selective measurements of oxygen-evolving Photosystem II ( PSII) core complexes and their constituent CP43, CP47 and D1/D2/cytb(559) sub-assemblies. Quantitative comparisons reveal that neither absorption nor fluorescence spectra of core complexes are simple additive combinations of

A teal (Anas crecca) and a thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) were trained to fly in the Lund wind tunnel for periods of up to 3 and 16 h respectively. Both birds flew in steady flapping flight, with such regularity that their wingbeat frequencies could be determined by viewing them through a shutter stroboscope. When flying at a constant air speed, the teal's wingbeat frequency varied with th

OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery disease is a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Little is known about insulin-like growth factor-I receptors (IGF-IR) and insulin receptors (IR) in human coronary endothelium. Our aim was to characterize IGF-IR and IR in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). DESIGN: Cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells were used. Gene expressio

System Thinking is the mindset of defining and confining a problem and its symptoms as well as a method for communicating system understanding. System Analysis is taking that problem apart to understand its causalities and structural arrangement. System Dynamics is the use of the results of System Analysis in order to reconstruct the system of causalities. Modelling is used for understanding comp

Popular Abstract in Swedish I bageriindustrin används emulgatorer i så kallad alfaform för att tårtbottnar ska kunna vispas i ett steg och ändå få en stor luftvolym. Avhandlingen fokuserar på vissa av emulgatorns effekter i produkter såsom kaksmet: Hur skumbildningen påverkas av emulgatormolekylernas packning, hur emulgatorer ändrar svällningen av stärkelsekornen i mjölet, och vilka effekterna bliIn the baking industry, emulsifiers in the alpha-gel state are used for foam formation. This thesis focuses on some parts of the effects of the emulsifier: how the foam formation and foam stability are influenced by the physical state of the emulsifier, how emulsifiers change the gelatinization and gel formation of starch, and the impact that these factors may have in a true product such as a spon

The majority of the large hydro power plants in Sweden were built 1935 - 1975 and are located in a cold climate in the northern parts of Sweden. Since the power plants were designed for a service life of 50-100 years, some of them are soon to reach their estimated service life and some have already passed it. During a condition assessment to determine the status of the Porsi hydro power plant, con

Today our economy is largely based on linear material flows, and many products, such as electronics, furniture,building materials and textiles, are discarded even when they could still be used. Without urgent action, globalwaste is expected to increase by 70% by 2060 and global materials use is expected to more than double. We arestarting to realise that linear material flows are not only a loss o

Background: About 73% of the population in Sierra Leone live in multidimensional poverty which makes Sierra Leone to be one of the poorest countries in the world. Sierra Leone suffered from a decade long civil war, 1991-2002, where humiliating methods were used such as machete amputations of civilians and the progress of eradicating poliomyelitis was hindered. Purpose: The aim of this study was to

Changes in forestry practices and on-going climate change may both have large impacts on forest bird populations. However, large-scale analyses of the effects of temporal changes in forest structure on forest bird numbers are largely lacking. We compared temporal trends from two Swedish nationwide long-term monitoring schemes, the Swedish Bird Survey (1998–2015) and the Swedish National Forestry I

The thesis aims to compare two approaches to psychosocial rehabilitation – day centres and clubhouses – and to explore if either appears better suited to support people in mental health recovery. The recovery focus is on opportunities for engaging in meaningful daily occupations, accessibility to social interaction and factors pertaining to perceived health and well-being. The thesis consists of f

Denna avhandling behandlar en mängd mikrostrukturella och molekylära lämningar som påträffats i ett antal fossil. Resultaten presenteras i sex vetenskapliga artiklar med det gemensamma syftet att grundligt studera dessa lämningar med hjälp av såväl nya som vedertagna analysmetoder. Avhandlingens huvudsakliga frågeställningar är dels vad denna typ av fossila spår kan säga om de studerade djurens biThis thesis comprises investigations of microstructures and molecular remains, preserved in a variety of fossil specimens. The results are presented in six papers, collectively aiming to thoroughly examine fossil traces of such remains by employing a combination of both established and relatively new analytical methods. The main questions asked are: What can we learn about the biology, ecology and

Methanol as an alternative fuel in internal combustion engines has an advantage in decreasing emissions of greenhouse gases and soot. Hence, developing of a high performance internal combustion engine operating with methanol has attracted the attention in industry and academic research community. This paper presents a numerical study of methanol combustion at different start-of-injection (SOI) in

There is widespread agreement on the many benefits citizens gain from recreational use of local green spaces such as urban woodlands, and the importance of involving users in the development of their everyday landscapes. Despite this, the impact of userparticipation on the quality of public green spaces has not been thoroughly studied. In this PhD thesis, resident participation in public urban woo