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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides produced by essentially all mammalian cells. Due to their enormous structural diversity, they are involved in many biological processes both in health and disease, including all stages of tumor progression. GAGs are normally attached to a core protein as a part of a proteoglycan; however, GAG biosynthesis can be induced by compounds composed of a xylos
An improvement in our process-based understanding of carbon (C) exchange in the Arctic and its climate sensitivity is critically needed for understanding the response of tundra ecosystems to a changing climate. In this context, we analysed the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in West Greenland tundra (64°N) across eight snow-free periods in 8 consecutive years, and characterized the key process
Objective: intimate partner violence is a significant health problem. Fear of retaliation and shame may prevent women from telling anyone about the violence. This study investigated the prevalence of disclosure and police reporting of intimate partner violence during the first year postpartum. Design: a prospective longitudinal Swedish cohort study based on information from 2563 women who answered
Background & Aims Predniso(lo)ne, alone or in combination with azathioprine, is the standard-of-care (SOC) therapy for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, the SOC therapy is poorly tolerated or does not control disease activity in up to 20% of patients. We assessed the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus as second-line therapy for patients with AIH. Methods We performed a r
För ungefär 350 miljoner år sedan utvecklade de första insekterna förmågan att flyga och har sedan dess dominerat våra terrestra miljöer. Trots sina pyttesmå hjärnor och avsaknad av avancerade kontrollinstrument så lyckas flygande insekter på många vis utkonkurrera modern flygteknik. Humlor och bin kan till exempel leta upp en födokälla långt ifrån sitt bo, återvända hem igen och sedan upprepa denDespite their small brains and tiny eyes, flying insects are capable of detecting and avoiding collisions with moving obstacles, and with remarkable precision they navigate through environments of different complexity. For this thesis, I have investigated how bumblebees use the pattern of apparent image motion that is generated in their eyes as they move through the world (known as optic flow), in
[Context and motivation]} Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming common throughout everyday lives. However, the interaction is often different from when using e.g. computers and other smart devices. Furthermore, an IoT device is often dependent on several other systems, heavily impacting the user experience (UX). Finally, the domain is changing rapidly and is driven by technological innovation. [Que
The ice cover presence on the surface of a lake insulates the water body from the atmosphere. This prevents or reduces the influence of processes which depend on the exchange between the atmosphere and the water surface. This implies significant reduction or elimination of some processes taking place at the open water surface; for instance, a substantial reduction in solar energy penetrating to th
The debate on militant democracy is very much consumed by the question of whether legal restrictions against antidemocratic parties are justified. By contrast, this paper gestures towards a social conception of democratic self-defence. It does so by examining Hermann Heller’s ideas on the origins and solutions to antidemocratic threats. Arguing against Schmitt’s ‘authoritarian liberalism’, Heller
By a combination of Monte Carlo simulations and analytical calculations, we investigate the effective interactions between highly charged planar interfaces, neutralized by mobile counterions (salt-free system). While most previous analysis have focused on pointlike counterions, we treat them as charged hard spheres. We thus work out the fate of like-charge attraction when steric effects are at wor
This paper presents a suggested methodology based on virtual reality (VR) technology that enables people with cognitive disabilities to communicate their knowledge and experiences of public transport systems. The users interacted with the VR system by verbally describing their actions to the person controlling the VR system and/or pointing with a laser pointer while seated in front of three screen
In a cellular environment, the presence of macromolecular cosolutes and membrane interfaces can influence the folding-unfolding behavior of proteins. Here we report on the pressure stability of alpha-chymotrypsin in the ternary system bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate-octane-water using FTIR spectroscopy. The ternary system forms anionic reverse micelles which mimic cellular conditions. We fi
The aim of this study was to examine whether CAG/GGN repeats are significant modulators of serum concentrations of total and free testosterone (T) as well as of luteinizing hormone (LH) in elderly men. Sixty-nine 60- to 80-year-old men with subnormal T levels (<= 11.0 nmol L-1) and 104 men with normal T levels taking part in a nested case-control study were used for these analyses. Sex hormones we
PURPOSE: To determine whether long-term treatment with the anti-epileptic drug vigabatrin causes damage to rabbit retina.METHODS: Five rabbits were treated continuously with a daily dose of vigabatrin solution per orally during a period of 1-8 months. Two rabbits receiving water were used as controls. Repeated full-field electroretinograms (every two weeks) were assessed during this period. Vigaba
In this chapter, different challenges for using human cells in clinical cell therapy are identified and discussed. Several types of challenges are defined and described, with particular attention to the relation between ethical and scientific challenges. Some challenges are cell and disease specific: they are raised by research on special types of cells with certain methods in order to pave the wa
"Such in truth is our lot that while we are English to the Irish, we are Irish to the English. For the one island does not detest us more than the other." The sentiment expressed by the Anglo-Norman knight Maurice Fitzgerald in 1171 was one that many Anglo-Irish shared more than 700 years later. This study deals with an area of Anglo-Irish literature neglected by present-day researchers: novels wr
Previous experimental studies have shown positive effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment in the early regeneration phase in the first few days following a nerve injury. In this study, functional effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment were studied in 2 series of rats after an injury to the sciatic nerve - a standardized crush injury and nerve transection and repair, respectively. Postoperatively th
In saline soils, the severity of drought for the soil microbial community is exacerbated by accumulating concentrations of salts during drying. In this study we investigated how bacterial growth and respiration responses to drying-rewetting were affected by salinity. To do this, we adjusted a non-saline soil to four different salinities (0, 2, 7 and 22 mg NaCl g−1), followed by addition of plant m
Objectives Biologic agents have dramatically changed treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To date only scarce head-To-head data exist especially when the biological therapies are given as monotherapy without concomitant disease modifying drugs (DMARDs). Thus the objective of the current study is to evaluate treatment response of all available biological therapies with special focus on utility (
This dissertation discusses how actors within the state act during a crisis of democracy. This issue is examined from two angles: 1 . How can actors within the state act during democratic crises? 2. How have actors within the state acted during democratic crises? The structure of this book is guided by both of these issues. In the first part of the book, an analytical model is developed. With the
The adsorption of different metal-organic complexes at surfaces was investigated by spectroscopic techniques (x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, resonant photoemission spectroscopy) and by scanning tunnelling microscopy. The investigation methods are able to provide atomic scale information on the studied systems, which moreover originates from the top-most atomic lay
