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Idag är många av staters bärande samhällsfunktioner digitaliserade. En fientlig aktör kan således genom cybermedel orsaka skador för en stat i en grad som förr endast var möjlig genom fysiska medel. Krigsföring har således fått en ny arena, men det är ännu oklart under vilka förutsättningar en utsatt stat får bruka våld i självförsvar mot en cyberattack. I internationell rätt finns ett allmänt vMany of society’s bearing functions are today digitalized. A hostile actor can therefore through cyber-attacks cause damage to a state in a degree previously possible only through physical attacks. Therefore, warfare has entered a new arena, but it is still unclear under which circumstances a state under attack is allowed to use force in self-defence against cyber-attacks. International law stat

Peripheral regions experience difficulties competing against core-regions competitiveness. Although studies have proposed that innovation is an aspect peripheral regions could focus on to combat this inequality, many innovation strategies are developed for urban core-regions and are not applicable on peripheral regions to the same extent. Earlier research has shown that peripheral regions benefit

This thesis investigates whether historical trauma could influence societal perceptions of foreign humanitarian aid, with a particular focus on Poland. The study explores how collective memory and past experiences of occupation, repression, and conflict might shape trust towards foreign humanitarian actors. A mixed-method approach was applied, consisting of expert interviews and a public surve

Med inflytande av egen erfarenhet av en uppväxt i ett socioekonomiskt utsatt område, väcktes mitt intresse att undersöka anledningarna till att miljonprograms kvarter ofta utvecklade höga nivåer av brottslighet, skadegörelse, hög beroendegrad av förmåner och andra sociala och ekonomiska problem. Men framför allt ville jag ta reda på hur detta kunde förändras. Denna rapport syftar till att via erfaInfluenced by my own experience growing up in a socioeconomically deprived area, my interest was sparked to investigate the reasons why million-program neighborhoods often developed high levels of crime, vandalism, a high dependency on benefits, and other social and economic issues. More importantly, I wanted to find out how this could be changed. This report aims to answer how a socioeconomically

Examensarbetets titel: Bakom Investeringsbesluten: En Analys av Affärsänglars Värderingar av Affärsmodell och Team Seminariedatum: 30 maj 2024 Ämne/kurs: FEKH99, Examensarbete i entreprenörskap och innovation, Kandidatnivå, 15 Högskolepoäng Författare: Erik Kurtz, Anna Siltala & Minna Wendt Handledare: Joakim Winborg Fem nyckelord: Affärsängel, Affärsmodell, Entreprenör, InvesteringsbesluTitle: Behind the investment decisions: An analysis of Business Angels Valuation of Business Model and Team Seminar date: 30 may 2024 Course: FEKH99, Bachelor Degree Project in Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Business administration, Undergraduate level, 15 University Credit Points Authors: Erik Kurtz, Anna Siltala & Minna Wendt Advisor: Joakim Winborg Key words: Business ange

Purpose: This study aims to determine if a greenium exists for bank-issued green bonds compared to their brown counterparts and to examine the impact of green policies on the European bond market. Methodology: This study takes on a deductive scientific approach along with an econometric approach for which OLS regression models are estimated. The regressions use yield to maturity (YTM) as the dep

Title: The Irreverent Paradox: Young adult consumers' perceptions of an irreverent tone on brands' social media Seminar date: May 30th 2024 Course: FEKH29, Degree Project Undergraduate level in marketing, 15 UPC Authors: Joel Baumann & Douglas Cederlund Advisor/s: Nikos Macheridis Key words: Social media marketing; Tone of voice; Irreverence; Consumer experiences; Authenticity Research

Denna uppsats utreder vad samhällskontraktet är enligt Thomas Hobbes och John Lockes olika teorier. Den undersöker också möjligheten att lämna samhällskontraktet och om det idag finns exempel på grupper som försöker lämna det. Samhällskontraktsteorin är en rättsfilosofisk teori som försöker besvara frågan varför människor underkastar sig någon annan när de från början är fria människor. Hobbes ochThis essay examines what the social contract is according to Thomas Hobbes and John Locke’s different theories. It also examines the possibility of leaving the social contract and if there groups that are trying to leave the contract currently exist. The social contract theory is a legal philosophical theory that tries to answer the question of why humans submit to another when they originally are

Buildings worldwide account for 30% of energy consumption and Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) represent roughly 38% of a building’s consumption. Therefore, energy savings are crucial for sustainability. The complexity of buildings, with diverse physical domains and large-scale components, presents challenges to achieving energy-efficient operation. Implementing high-performance co

Developing countries are particularly new to the usage of voluntary environmental agreements and they have not fully explored the opportunity to take advantage of companies that are willing to regulate themselves voluntarily. Their formal regulative environment is often hampered by the absence of clear and enforced environmental standards, lack of human and financial resources. This paper provide

According to the United Nations' Human Rights Committee's General Comment 32 on Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial ''is a key element of human rights protection and serves as a procedural means to safeguard the rule of law'' .Human Rights Committee, General Com

Före 2005 dömdes gärningspersoner som sexuellt utnyttjat en person som befunnit sig i ett hjälplöst tillstånd för sexuellt utnyttjande enligt 6 kap. 3 § Brottsbalken (BrB). Endast om det var gärningspersonen som själv hade medverkat till offrets hjälplösa tillstånd kunde denne åtalas för våldtäkt. Föranlett av ett stort missnöje och hätsk debatt i media trädde 2005 den nya sexualbrottslagstiftningPrior to 2005, offending persons involved in sexual exploitation of a person who found themselves in a vulnerable situation, were sentenced pursuant to Chapter 6 § 3 The Criminal Code. Only if the offending person had contributed to the victim's vulnerable situation, could he be prosecuted for rape. In 2005, the new sexual offenses law came into force, which was due to a great dissatisfaction

Samhället har genomgått stora förändringar sedan regleringen kring rättsligt föräldraskap instiftades för första gången. Såväl ny medicinsk teknik som nya accepterade familjekonstellationer har bidragit till att den gamla regleringen har krävt en omarbetning. Vem som ska uppnå status som rättslig förälder och varför har därav ändrats. Från början var utgångspunkten för fastställandet av rättsligtThe society has gone through major changes ever since the first legal provisions concerning legal parenthood were adopted. As a result of new forms of socially accepted family constellations and new techniques within medicine, this has helped push for a reform of the old regulation. Something which has come to change over time is criteria concerning who is eligible to be given the status of legal

The relationship between vast resources of oil and development has repeatedly provento be a problematic one, and the reality shows that development states who are (un)blessed with the resource always have struggle with economic growth, civil wars, human rights torts and social development. TNC:s with oil interests claims that oil and development do match and that their presence in development stat

This essay presents the most important legal regulations for protection of shareholders rights. The following work will concentrate on two legal systems, namely Swedish and Polish. The goal is to compare legal regulations concerning the protection of minority shareholders and finding the relevant similarities and, even more importantly, the differences characteristically for each country. The cont

The purpose of this Bachelor thesis is to investigate and explain an ongoing process on the Swedish book- and publishing-market as a result of the new alternative ways of publishing. The investigation concerns questions about what need the electronic publishing fills for the authors compared to traditional publishing, and what happens to the writer’s role when published digitally on self-publishin

Sen ankomst för arbetstagare är ett problem som sällan tvistas om i domstol, och avgörs inte särskilt ofta till arbetsgivarens favör när denne vill säga upp arbetstagare på denna grund. Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda vad som gäller angående arbetsgivarens uppsägningsrätt i fall av denna typ utifrån diverse rättskällor, och hur frågan hanteras i praktiken av företag och fackliga ombudsmän då det kaLate arrival for work by an employee is an issue that is rarely tested in trial, nor does the employer win cases of this type very often. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the employer’s right to dismiss an employee on this ground. Different sources of law will be used to assess this, coupled with an insight into how the matter is handled in companies and trade union solicitors since thi

In the digital age, encounters between librarians and library users take place not only at the library, but increasingly on the web. Therefore, it is of importance that libraries reflect upon how they relate to users in the web environment. The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to discern patterns regarding how librarians at the three largest public libraries in Sweden relate to users on library

Purpose: The goal is to see what an innovation process can make for a package and learn to ron a development project with multiple stakeholders. Theory: The theory chapter strives to provide a picture of how the package works. What factoTs are important and what more a package can offer than just protection for the product? Describe how an innovation process can help a development process and exp

Paper pulp is commonly used for packaging, either molded into a shape or rolled into sheets of paper and turned into cardboard. With international shipping and our general consumption, paper and cardboard from packaging is all around us. The recycle rate of the material is high compared to many other materials, but there might still be more potential for all the used packaging than being toss