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Diabetic maculopathy and retinal detachment, especially involving macula, are potentially sight-threatening conditions. Previous evaluations of retinal function, and treatment of these conditions have been subjective methods depending on the examiner or the collaboration with the examined patient. Retinal structure has been based on the subjective evaluation of the ophthalmologist. Development of
Mothers can influence prenatal conditions by varying the amount of nutrients, hormones or antioxidants they provide to their developing young. Some of these substances even affect the transfer of these compounds in the next generation, but it is less clear how different maternally transmitted compounds interact with each other to shape reproductive resource allocation in their offspring. Here, we
Klimatförändringarna kommer att påverka ekosystem och samhällen över hela världen. Det är ett problem som kräver drastiska och omedelbara förändringar av vårt sätt att leva och av våra samhällsstrukturer, och därmed politiskt engagemang av aldrig tidigare skådat slag. Under de senaste 30 åren, sedan bildandet av Förenta Nationernas ramkonvention om klimatförändringar (Klimatkonventionen; UNFCCC) åThe rise of climate change as an issue of global concern has rested on scientific representation and understanding of the causes and impacts of, and responses to climatic change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in particular, has been central to how climate change has become known as a global political problem. This thesis aims to critically examine the production, negotiatio
BACKGROUND: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) now live longer, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors amenable to intervention are therefore needed to support their healthy aging. OBJECTIVE: To describe the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors among older adults with long-term SCI and investigate the association with sociodemograph
One of the major research goals in ecology is to understand predator–prey interactions. However, our understanding of how prey express phenotypic plasticity in response to co-occurring multiple predators is limited in many systems. Here, we use the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus as model organism to test how prey responds to co-occurring predators through a series of related experiments. Firstly,
A common migratory pattern in birds is that northerly breeding populations migrate to more southerly non-breeding sites compared to southerly breeding populations (leap-frog migration). Not only do populations experience differences in migration distances, but also different environmental conditions, which may vary spatiotemporally within their annual cycles, creating distinctive selective pressur
This thesis focuses on the languages of thought of multilingual students writing in English, a non-native language. The study examines which languages are used as languages of thought and what functions these languages serve for year-9 students (age 15-16) in a Swedish high school while writing an essay in English under exam-like conditions. The study sheds detailed light on individual differences
In the wake of the arrival of cloud computing, future applications are poised to become more resilient and adaptive by embracing elasticity in an osmotic manner. Although cloud computing is a strong attractor for application developers, thereare still unconquered performance frontiers. Latency-sensitive and missioncritical applications make up a significant portion of all software systems, and the
The study makes an inventory of learning opportunities young people were offered in connection with CEI 2016, one of the annual international conferences organized by the NGO named Caretakers of the Environment International (CEI), which year 2016 took place in Aalborg in Denmark. The learning opportunities offered by this transnational learning community are discussed in relation to some essenti
Detta examensarbete undersöker svensk rätt, i en internationell kontext, gällande internprissättning och dokumentationskrav med fokus på förutsebarhet för multinationella företag. En annan fokuspunkt ligger på en speciell transaktionstyp: immateriella tillgångar. I Sverige har lagstadgandet i 14:19 IL (inkomstskattelagen) länge varit den enda existerade lagregleringen gällande internprissättning. This essay investigates the Swedish legislation, in an international context, concerning transfer pricing documentation with a focus on its predictability for multinational enterprises. Another point of focus is a specific transaction type: that of intangible property. In Sweden the statute in chapter 14 section 19 SITA (Swedish Income Tax Act) has long been the only legislation regarding transfer
The perception of young men's vulnerability in the honor context Despite its existence, physical and sexual abuse of men is rarely addressed in media or research. When men are put into a context of honor, they are often seen as perpetrators, which problematize the view of young men as victims another dimension. Thus young men and boys in honor structures are faced with a dilemma when they in
As plastic pollution in aquatic environments keeps happening it has become more and more important to learn more about nanoparticles. Bio-based and biologically degradable plastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), are gaining popularity and it is therefore important to determine whether they break down into nanoplastics or not. Should this be the case, it is of interest to characterize their size,
Personlig assistans infördes som stödinsats för personer med funktionshinder 1994. Insatsen är av stor betydelse både för den enskilde och anhöriga. På senare tid har två rättsfall lett till att flera personer fått sin assistans indragen eller fått avslag på ansökan om personlig assistans. Barn med funktionshinder är den grupp som drabbats värst av det restriktiva rättsläget. Utvecklingen har lettPersonal assistance was introduced as a relief effort for people with disabilities in 1994. It is of great importance both for the individual as well as family members. Recently two court cases have resulted in numerous individuals losing their personal assistance, in addition to an increasing number of application rejections. Children with disabilities are the ones most affected. As a result, an
The field of linguistic relativity has its origin in the thoughts of the German philosopher Humboldt. He considered the language to be the formative organ of thought, the thought becomes externalized through sound in speech and thus perceptible to the senses. Thought and language are therefore one and inseparable from each other. Other prominent names in the field of linguistic relativity are Sapi
For decades, manual scavengers – people cleaning and engaging with human faeces as part of the sanitation chain, most of whom are Dalits – in India have been protesting against the severe health risks and exploitation associated with their work. Despite the enactment of stricter laws and high-profile court cases and wins, manual scavenging persists rampantly. Yet, non-governmental organisations (N
Äger varje person rätt att bli förälder? Även om inte staten kan sägas vara skyldig att erbjuda behandling för att avhjälpa barnlöshet kan människor, efter känsla, resonera kring denna frågas rimlighet. Oavsett inställningen är en intressant följdfråga; i så fall till vilket pris? När man talar om surrogatarrangemang är det ofta just pris som på något sätt kommer på tal. Inte pris som i valutameniIs everyone entitled to a right to parenthood? People may have a sense of what should be potential common rights even in cases where the government cannot always be considered liable to offer help, as in supporting those suffering from infertility. As a supplementary question one can ask: into what considerations could the right to parenthood extend? When it comes to surrogate motherhood, amounts
Uppsatsen behandlar frågan om det i svensk rätt finns ett humanitärt undantag från straffbarheten vid människosmuggling och organiserande av människosmuggling. Att något sådant undantag skulle finnas stöds inte av bestämmelsernas ordalydelse men däremot av vissa uttalanden i förarbeten och praxis. Det sägs på flera ställen i både förarbeten och praxis att den inte är straffbart att av endast ideelIn this thesis it is investigated if there, in the Swedish legislation, is a humanitarian exception concerning punishability in human smuggling and organization of human smuggling. That such an exception exists is not supported by the letter of the law but of certain statements in the preparatory work and the case law. It is said in both preparatory work and the case law that it is not punishable
Production companies are often exposed to rapid change and turbulent business environments, whilst the facilities and premises they conduct their business from are long term commitments with a lower turnover rate than most other assets. Decisions regarding real estate are complicated by nature and often yield long term consequences which could be hard to forecast. This dilemma between short- and l
The task consisted in helping Tetra Pak with the problem that they today have with unexplained deformation of their creasing carriages. Tetra Pak uses different carriages depending on which kind of packaging that is to be manufactured. The carriages are hauled in and pulled in to the production line when another type of packaging is to be manufactured. Basically the carriages look the same, the th
