Filtyp
Together with Mauritius, Botswana is often categorized as one of two growth miracles in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to its spectacular long-run economic performance and impressive social development, it has been termed both an economic success story and a developmental state. While there is uniqueness in the Botswana experience, several aspects of the country’s opportunities and challenges are of a mo
An adverse intrauterine environment is associated with long-term physiological changes in offspring. These are believed to be mediated by epigenomic marks, including DNA methylation (DNAm). Changes in DNAm are often interpreted as damage or plastic responses of the embryo. Here, we propose that stochastic DNAm variation, generated during remodeling of the epigenome after fertilization, contributes
Diet and ambient temperature affect animal physiology, survival and reproductive success. However, knowledge of how these environmental factors interact to shape physiological processes and life-history traits of birds and other animals is largely lacking. By exposing adult great tits (Parus major) to two contrasting diets (saturated or unsaturated fatty acids; SFAs and UFAs, respectively) and amb
European and US emission legislation on diesel compression ignition engines has pushed for the development of new types of combustion concepts to reduce hazardous pollutants and increase fuel e ciency. Partially premixed combustion (PPC) has been proposed as one solution to future restrictions on emissions while providing high gross indicated e ciency. The conceptual idea is that the time for the
We study how a neutralising cloud of counterions screens the electric field of a uniformly charged planar membrane (plate), when the counterions are characterised by a distribution of charges (or valence), n(q). We work out analytically the one-plate and two-plate cases, at the level of non-linear PoissonBoltzmann theory. The (essentially asymptotic) predictions are successfully compared to numeri
The aim of this work is to develop a method for detection of brief episode paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The proposed method utilizes four different features: RR interval irregularity, absence of P waves, presence of f-waves and noise level. The obtained features are applied to the Mamdani-type fuzzy inference method for decisionmaking. The performance was evaluated on one hundred 90 s lon
Questions concerning the occurrence of adaptive sex ratio manipulation have a long research tradition in evolutionary biology, but evidence from birds is scarce. It has been suggested that birds are unable to adaptively determine the sex of their young because of the constraints of their sex determination systems. Here we report results from a study of variation in offspring sex ratio in the blue
Background: Tamoxifen is a well established treatment for breast cancer, but its long-term effects on the incidence of secondary cancers are not fully evaluated. Material and methods: We have studied 4128 postmenopausal patients with early stage breast cancer who were alive and free of breast cancer recurrence after two years of tamoxifen, and who were randomized to receive totally two or five yea
The genetic cause of late-onset focal and segmental dystonia remains unknown in most individuals. Recently, mutations in Thanatos-associated protein domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 1 (THAP1) have been described in DYT6 dystonia and associated with some cases of familial and sporadic late-onset dystonia in Caucasians. We are not aware of any previous descriptions of familial dystoni
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) prevents the inactivation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). This increases circulating levels of active GLP-1, stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion, resulting in lowering of glucose levels and improvement of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Several DPP-4 inhibitors are emerging for therapeutic use. Most experi
Has the 'Swedish model' forced Sweden into stagnating economic growth? And has this caused Sweden to lag behind other comparable OECD-countries from the 1970s and onwards, i.e. since Sweden chose a welfare path different from many other countries? This has been the subject of a more than twenty year long controversy between Walter Korpi, professor of sociology and social policy, and leading Swedis
Background The impact of the prophylactic vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (HPV6/11/16/18) on all HPV-associated genital disease was investigated in a population that approximates sexually naive women in that they were "negative to 14 HPV types" and in a mixed population of HPV-exposed and -unexposed women (intention-to-treat group). Methods This analysis studied
A method for preparation of thylakoids from plant leaves on a large scale is described. The method involves: 1) disruption of the cells with a blender followed by filtration to remove large cell debris and non disrupted cells. 2) precipitation of the thylakoids by adjusting the pH to the isoelectric point, pH 4.7. 3) a washing step by dilution of the precipitate in water followed by precipitation
När en väljare röstar med andras beteende i åtanke och politikutfall i sikte är det en "strategisk" röst. Den här studien relaterar väljares strategiska överväganden till olika steg i regeringsbildningsprocessen: att ta plats i parlamentet, ingå i regering, och påverka politikutfallet. Detta innebär att väljaren ibland tänker som ett parti på vad rösten kan få för konsekvenser. Utifrån detta perspIf a voter defects from preference under the consideration of policy outcomes and others' behavior, it is a "strategic vote". This thesis relates voters' strategic considerations to the government formation process: the chances for a party to gain seats, enter office, and affect overall policies. This implies that voters sometimes think like parties on the governmental consequences of the vote. Fr
The report provides an overview of human behaviour in tunnel fires in single tube road tunnels. The behaviour is linked to the concept of a behaviour sequences presented by Canter et al. (1980). The main focus has been to present relevant research and findings provided in accident investigation reports mainly for long and steep sub-sea tunnels designed according to the self-rescue principle. Resea
Bellicist theories of comparative development predict increases in taxation as the result of military rivalries. Others claim that this causal relationship is contingent on particular geographical, institutional, and historical conditions. In this paper, we explore the conditional effects of military rivalries on taxation during the 19th and 20th centuries using time-series cross-section models. W
SynopsisOn the basis of kinetic studies of the manganese-catalyzed autoxidation of sulfite and thermodynamic data for iron−manganese redox processes and manganese(II) and -(III) protolysis equilibria, the catalytically active species in the autoxidation is concluded to be a mixed-valence oxo-bridged manganese(II,III) complex. Iron−manganese synergism and triggering of the chain reaction by small c
The relationship between interaction range, structure, fluid-gel transition, and viscoelastic properties of silica dispersions at intermediate volume fraction, φv ≈ 0.1 and in alkaline conditions, pH = 9 was investigated. For this purpose, rheological, physicochemical, and structural (synchrotron-SAXS) analyses were combined. The range of interaction and the aggregation state of the dispersions we
Policy implementation is a complex process and the theoretical problem has been approached in different ways for a long time. Perspectives have converged around governance, negotiation and adaptation and the learning perspective is increasingly acknowledged. This paper explores how policy implementation may be understood from a learning perspective, affected by universal tendencies for humans to d
During 1984–2009, Greylag Geese Anser anser were neck-banded at two lakes six kilometres apart in southwest Scania, southernmost Sweden: 2308 at lake Yddingen and 633 at Klosterviken (part of lake Bör-ringe). Through 2013 we recorded 51 132 and 29 937 re-sightings, respectively. We analyse the distribution patterns within Scania during the post-breeding months July–March. In spite of the short dis
