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The Community Atmosphere-Biosphere Land Exchange model (CABLE) is a land surface model (LSM) that can be applied stand-alone and provides the land surface-atmosphere exchange within the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS). We describe new developments that extend the applicability of CABLE for regional and global carbon-climate simulations, accounting for vegetation re
European managed grasslands are amongst the most productive in the world. Besides temperature and the amount and timing of precipitation, grass production is also highly controlled by applications of nitrogen fertilizers and land management to sustain a high productivity. Since management characteristics of pastures vary greatly across Europe, land-use intensity and their projections are critical
The “Green Sahara” is a period when North Africa was characterized by vegetation cover and wetlands. To qualitatively identify the orbital-climatic causation of the Green Sahara regime, we performed dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) simulations, driven by climate forcings from coupled general circulation model (EC-Earth) simulations for the mid-Holocene, in which the vegetation is prescribed to
Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100-km2 sub-Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006–2015 using process-based biogeoc
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning/Populärwissenschaftliche Zusammenfassung (först på svenska/Schwedisch och därefter på tyska/Deutsch)Nästan alla metalliska material som används idag är legeringar. Detta beror på att legeringen har förbättrade fysiska egenskaper som hållfasthet, slitstyrka och korrosionsbeständighet och dessutom bättre prestanda vid höga temperaturer jämfört med de enskilda rena This thesis reports on surface studies of industrial materials whose importance for society manifests in the vast range of applications. In industrial materials alloying is performed in order to improve the parent material's physical and mechanical properties such as strength, corrosion and wear resistance, as well as high temperature performance in comparison to the pure metal.Even though metals
The 8.2 ka bp cooling event is assumed to be the most clearly marked abrupt climate event in the Holocene at northern mid- to high latitudes. In this study, we simulate the vegetation responses to the 8.2 ka bp climate change event over Europe and Northern Africa. Our results show that all dominant plant functional types (PFTs) over Europe and North Africa respond to these climate changes, but the
Portfolio optimization involves a tradeoff between maximizing expected returnand minimizing risk. In practice, useful formulations also include various costs and constraints that regularize the problem and reduce the risk due to estimation errors, resulting in solutions that depend on a number of hyperparameters. As the number of hyperparameters grows, selecting their value becomes increasingly imPortfolio selection involves a trade-off between maximizing expected return and minimizing risk. In practice, useful formulations also include various costs and constraints that regularize the problem and reduce the risk due to estimation errors, resulting in solutions that depend on a number of hyperparameters. As the number of hyperparameters grows, selecting their value becomes increasingly imp
Objective: Present a systematic analysis of the outcome research concerning video feedback (VF) programs. Method: Twentyninestudies published between 1990 and 2014 were examined. They focused on children 0–12 years old and had at least onecontrol group. Results: VF programs were similar in design, with interventions focusing on parental and child behavior, parentalsensitivity and attachment. In 41Objective: Present a systematic analysis of the outcome research concerning video feedback (VF) programs. Method: Twenty- nine studies published between 1990 and 2014 were examined. They focused on children 0–12 years old and had at least one control group. Results: VF programs were similar in design, with interventions focusing on parental and child behavior, parental sensitivity and attachment.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, but the mechanisms underlying insulin secretion failure are not completely understood. Here, we show that a set of co-expressed genes, which is enriched for genes with islet-selective open chromatin, is associated with T2D. These genes are perturbed in T2D and have a similar expression pattern to that of d
This paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of renovating single-family houses to Passive House level, as compared to maintaining the existing buildings or renovating to building regulation level. The assessment involved life cycle cost analyses, and concerns the Swedish single-family housing stock constructed between 1961 and 1980, which accounts for about a third of Sweden’s two million single-fThis paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of renovating single-family houses to Passive House level, as compared to maintaining the existing buildings or renovating to building regulation level. The assessment involved life cycle cost analyses, and concerns the Swedish single-family housing stock constructed between 1961 and 1980, which accounts for about a third of Sweden’s two million single-f
After having received criticism during previous inter-governmental conferences the European union decided to arrange a convention on the future of europe during 2002 in order to draft a European constitution. This was done to foremost to improve the transparency, participation and decision-making in the preparatory phase of inter-governmental conferences. At first, it received little attention, bu
Purpose: In the setting of a large Swedish media organisation, the purpose of this study is to create an understanding of how internal factors (strategy, organisational structure and culture) affect the organisation's ability to handle ambidexterity and how the factors interrelate. Methodology: A qualitative single case study was conducted, from multiple levels within a large Swedish media o
Abstract There are several problems when studying, as this thesis, the interplay between the concepts of Europe and of nation, in an official discourse of a state. One is that these concepts are largely seen as being in a dichotomous position. This research argues about the importance of changing the perception about the various way the concepts can relate to each other. The study considers the re
Thesis Purpose: Purpose of this thesis is to explore consumer perception of innovation in grocery retail products in Sweden. Particularly focusing on how consumers perceive innovation within private label and manufacturer brands. Methodology: Qualitative analysis has been conducted through semi-structured interviews in order to understand consumer perceptions towards innovation in grocery sector i
Thesis purpose: To investigate the role of algorithmic literacy in the case of TikTok, and how its strategic performance, including the challenges and associated ethical issues, affects global marketers. Methodology: Adapting a social constructivist approach, twelve qualitative semi-structured interviews with global marketers allowed us to gather deeper insights Theoretical perspective: In order
The present study investigated the retrieval induced forgetting phenomenon (RIF) (Anderson, Bjork & Bjork, 1994) and the relation to task evoked pupillary responses (TEPR) (Beatty, 1982). Previous studies suggests that the pupil diameter increases as a result of cognitive demands such as memory retrieval (Kahneman & Beatty, 1966). RIF is forgetting caused by managing of interference from c
