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In cold climates all user requirements for footwear (insulation, waterproof, vapour permeability, drying etc.) can’t be met easily due to their conflicting nature. Defining user conditions is important. Cold may be roughly divided into the three ranges (>+5; +5 to 10; < 10 °C). The choice of proper footwear may be based on this approach. It also reduces some of the conflicting user requirements. U

AIMS: To study the prospective relationship of blood pressure response during orthostatic challenge with incidence of heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: In a Swedish prospective cohort study (the Malmö Preventive Project), we followed up 32 669 individuals (68.2% men; mean age, 46 years) over a period of 24 years. Incidence of first hospitalization due to new-onset HF was related to early (6

BACKGROUND: -Although monocytes in peripheral blood are no longer considered to be a homogeneous population, associations between distinct monocyte subsets and cardiovascular disease have not been highlighted in large epidemiological studies. METHODS AND RESULTS: -The study included 700 randomly selected subjects from the cardiovascular arm of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study. Among these, 123 subj

Anaemia is a chief determinant of global ill health, contributing to cognitive impairment, growth retardation and impaired physical capacity. To understand further the genetic factors influencing red blood cells, we carried out a genome-wide association study of haemoglobin concentration and related parameters in up to 135,367 individuals. Here we identify 75 independent genetic loci associated wi

OBJECTIVES: The findings of experimental studies suggest that the immune system plays a key role in atherosclerosis but the clinical importance of different immune cells in cardiovascular disease remains poorly characterized. In this study we investigated the association between CD8(+) T cells and carotid disease as well as development of cardiovascular disease events. DESIGN: The study cohort com

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear but hyperglycemia is an established risk factor. Endothelial dysfunction and changes in Ca(2+) signaling have been shown to precede the onset of DR. We recently demonstrated that high extracellular glucose activates the Ca(2+)/calcineurin-dependent transcription factor NFAT in cerebral arteries and aorta, promoting the expression of inf

Variation in transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), the strongest genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), may play a role in prostate cancer (PCa) depending on lifestyle factors. The aims of this study were to determine if TCF7L2 rs7903146 is associated with risk of PCa and if the association is modified by lifestyle factors independently of T2D status.

High red cell distribution width (RDW) is a strong prognostic factor in patients with cardiovascular disease. We investigated the association between RDW and incidence of acute coronary events (CEs) and fatal outcome in subjects who subsequently experienced a first CE.

Polymorphisms of the FA desaturase (FADS) gene cluster have been associated with LDL, HDL, and triglyceride concentrations. Because FADS converts alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid into PUFAs, we investigated the interaction between different PUFA intakes and the FADS polymorphism rs174547 (T>C) on fasting blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. We included 4,635 individuals (60% fem

Background. Diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular disease, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. One proposed mechanism is that diabetes aggravates atherosclerosis by enhancing plaque inflammation. The Akita mouse has recently been adopted as a relevant model for microvascular complications of diabetes. Here we investigate the development of ath

Next-generation sequencing technologies are making it possible to study the role of rare variants in human disease. Many studies balance statistical power with cost-effectiveness by (a) sampling from phenotypic extremes and (b) utilizing a two-stage design. Two-stage designs include a broad-based discovery phase and selection of a subset of potential causal genes/variants to be further examined in

Background Plasma triglyceride levels are heritable and are correlated with the risk of coronary heart disease. Sequencing of the protein-coding regions of the human genome (the exome) has the potential to identify rare mutations that have a large effect on phenotype. Methods We sequenced the protein-coding regions of 18,666 genes in each of 3734 participants of European or African ancestry in the

Accumulating evidence shows that immune cells play an important role in atherosclerosis. Most attention has focused on the role of different T cell subsets, whereas the possible involvement of B cells has been less studied. In this study, we assessed the association of 2 different B cell subsets, CD19(+)CD40(+) and CD19(+)CD86(+) B cells, with risk for development of acute cardiovascular events.

AIMS: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent co-morbidity in heart failure (HF) associated with increased mortality, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying AF onset in HF patients. We evaluated the association of cardiovascular and genetic risk factors with AF in HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Individuals hospitalized for HF (n = 1040; 500 with AF) were identified from a large, pop

Understanding the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on bees is vital because of reported declines in bee diversity and distribution and the crucial role bees have as pollinators in ecosystems and agriculture. Neonicotinoids are suspected to pose an unacceptable risk to bees, partly because of their systemic uptake in plants, and the European Union has therefore introduced a moratorium on three

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