Filtyp
In the second chapter there is a description of corruption today. First I will provide a definition of corruption. Many definitions exist, but the common criteria in these definitions are abuse of power for private gain to the detriment of public interest. After explaining the theoretical definition I will describe corruption in practice through providing different forms of corruption. Public sect
The text brings together the ECtHR and the CPT that are different, but key components of the system of combating torture on the European continent. On the basis of analysis of the historical background of the issue it points out the distancing concept that was followed by the drafters of the ECPT in respect of the relationship of the ECtHR and the CPT. As a result, the latter is not bound by the c
The refugee status determination procedure involves complex issues of both law and fact. The process becomes even more complicated when facts arise that give indications on the possible applicability of article 1.F of the Refugee Convention. In this case the decision-maker has to decide on the one hand if the applicant qualifies for refugee status and on the other hand if there are serious reasons
This thesis will clarify the notion of individual concern and its use by the ECJ, through an analysis of case law and a Lockean analysis of the EU. The thesis takes it outset in the case law of the ECJ and will show, through a thorough analysis of a selected part of the case law, that this is inconsistent and unstable, leaving individuals with legal uncertainty and little hope of accessing the CFI
The society of today is undergoing two different trends in government and governance. The first reflects the internationalization and globalization towards a multicultural society where an increasing numbers of measures are being assigned to international and supranational levels. The second tendency is decentralization and an emergence of strong local and regional politics. This is although not s
Free movement of goods is regulated by Article 28 of The EC Treaty. The most important judgments of European Court of Justice (ECJ) in this field are Dassonville, Cassis de Dijon and Keck. The interpretation of Article 28 was very broad in Dassonville and Cassis cases therefore the national rules which were designed for social policy reasons, but not for controlling the trade between Member States
The importance of access to the ECJ, as the common judge of Europe, is of major importance for individuals as a way to ensure effective protection of those rights, which they derive from Community law. Due to the problems facing individuals as regards direct access, because of the requirement of them having to show direct and individual concern, the indirect way of access, by way of the national c
