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An analytical model to describe the time-domain reflectance Raman signal in a two-layer diffusive medium was developed. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparison with the results of Monte Carlo simulations.

Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of cellular heterogeneity through multimodal data acquisition. However, robust cell alignment remains a major challenge for data integration and harmonization, including batch correction, label transfer, and multi-omics integration. Many existing methods constrain alignment based on rigid feature-wise distance metrics, limiting their abil

Electric power is the foundation of modern society, yet Europe is currently facing an energy crisis, increasing interest in power generation, energy infrastructure, and grid resilience. However, power plant data are complex and multidimensional, making it difficult to gain an overview or understanding. Visualization methods can help to reduce cognitive load and facilitate exploration of such data.

Background: Early-life growth adversity is important to later-life health, but precision assessment in adulthood is challenging. We evaluated whether the difference between attained and genotype-predicted adult height (“height-GaP”) would associate with prospectively ascertained early-life growth adversity and later-life all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Methods: Data were first analyzed fro

Background/Objective: Genetic factors contribute significantly to Parkinson’s disease (PD), especially in cases with early onset or positive family history. However, previous investigations of the genetic landscape in PD populations were mainly based on targeted genotyping. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pathogenic variants in known PD-associated genes in a series of Sw

Cooperativity is an efficient way for nature to regulate complex processes, allowing for control over a narrower range of concentrations compared to noncooperative phenomena. Here, we investigate the cooperative binding of α-Synuclein to lipid membranes under different conditions, aiming to uncover the underlying molecular driving forces. We interrogate the role of electrostatic interactions by ra

Recent advancements in integrated chemical microsystems have significantly enhanced the efficiency and precision of chemical synthesis. However, limitations in current materials and fabrication technologies pose challenges to developing robust flow regulation essential for system operation and scalability. This study presents a cleanroom-free, surface-modification-free bonding method for fabricati

Ultrashort bunch length measurements are crucial for characterizing electron beams in short-pulse accelerators, including novel accelerators like EuPRAXIA and those used for free-electron lasers (FELs). This work provides an overview of the design process and the current status of a single-shot bunch length monitor prototype based on a broadband spatial imaging system for coherent transition radia

Bullying is increasingly understood as a group-based phenomenon in which bystanders play a critical role, yet little is known about how witnessing bullying affects bystanders’ self-esteem and academic motivation. The aim of this study was to explore adolescents’ perspectives on how witnessing bullying in school may be linked to their self-esteem and academic motivation. This qualitative study expl

In rare disease research, sharing of individual health data is essential for advancing diagnostics and therapies, requiring robust and ethically sound informed consent processes. Within the Genomic Medicine Sweden Rare Diseases (GMS-RD) multicenter study, an electronic informed consent (eConsent) platform was developed to support data sharing, facilitate participation and enable research engagemen

BACKGROUND: Postmortem MRI has opened-up avenues to study brain structure at ultra high-resolution revealing details not possible to observe with in vivo MRI. Here, we present a novel package (purple-mri) which performs tissue segmentation, anatomical parcellation and spatial normalization of postmortem MRI. Additionally, we provide a framework to perform point-wise surface-based group-level studi

Genotype–phenotype associations can be context-dependent and dynamic in nature leading to heterogeneity of genetic effects across different parts of the phenotype distribution. Quantile regression, an alternative to linear regression for continuous phenotypes, is particularly well suited for detecting and characterizing heterogeneous genotype–phenotype associations. Here, we propose a computationa

Swedish Sign Language [svenskt teckenspråk, STS] has often been described as being the first officially recognised sign language in the world, passed into law in 1981. This was a parliamentary decision that later led to the provision of bimodal-bilingual education and the keeping of a separate school system for deaf students. However, today, STS is not granted the same rights as the five declared

BACKGROUND: A considerable portion of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have negative amyloid-β (Aβ) biomarkers and are therefore unlikely to have Alzheimer's disease (AD). Potential causes of cognitive decline in this heterogeneous group include limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE), cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, primary age-related tauopathy (PART),

Acquisition of complement regulators is a virulence strategy used by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) to evade complement-mediated killing by the host. The major outer membrane protein of NTHi, P5, binds C4b-binding protein and factor H to promote bacterial serum resistance. We show that P5 also binds vitronectin, which inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex at the terminal

BACKGROUND: Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is often misdiagnosed or conflated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) due to overlapping clinical presentations and neuropathological features. The presence of AD-like features correlates with accelerated cognitive decline and a worse overall prognosis. Compared to AD, studies suggest that amyloid uptake in DLB may spare the occipital lobe. This project aims

BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lack of well-validated markers of non-AD factors (e.g. TDP-43) present a substantial challenge for therapeutics. Our prior work showed discordance between tau (T) and neurodegeneration (N) identified non-AD factors in AD through multi-modality imaging. Here we tried a simplified approach using plasma ptau217 and medial temporal lobe (MT

BACKGROUND: Tau pathology distribution in Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows individual spatial heterogeneity, including hemispheric asymmetry. The mechanisms underlying this asymmetry remain unclear. This study explored whether tau asymmetry is linked to reduced inter-hemispheric connectivity, potentially restricting tau spread, or reflects asymmetry in amyloid-beta (Aβ) distribution, indicating hemi

BACKGROUND: Variability of brain amyloid burden across individuals suggests that biological factors may play a role. This study investigates the association between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and amyloid burden in a preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) cohort to identify genetic determinants. METHOD: PRS for AD susceptibility (Kunkle et al., 2019) and for CSF-Aβ42 and ptau181 (Jansen et al., 2022

Arsenic contamination in soil and water poses significant health risks globally through contaminated crops. 1,2,3 Modern cultivated rice ( Oryza sativa ), particularly the subspecies japonica , accumulates high levels of arsenic. 1,3,4,5,6 This may possibly result from unintended physiological and genomic changes during rice domestication, which have significantly altered traits such as plant arch