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Air pollution and exposure to fine airborne particles with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) negatively impacts human health. Airways constitute a primary route of exposure but PM2.5-contaminated food, drinks as well as mucociliary and hepatobiliary clearance all constitute potential entry points into the intestine. This study evaluated intestinal histopathological and inflammatory changes as w

Quantum phases can be classified by topological invariants, which take on discrete values capturing global information about the quantum state1–13. Over the past decades, these invariants have come to play a central role in describing matter, providing the foundation for understanding superfluids5, magnets6,7, the quantum Hall effect3,8, topological insulators9,10, Weyl semimetals11–13 and other p

Genetic background and age at first exposure have been identified as critical variables that contribute to individual vulnerability to drug addiction. Evidence shows that genetic factors may account for 40–70% of the variance in liability to addiction. Alcohol consumption by young people, especially in the form of binge-drinking, is becoming an alarming phenomenon predictive of future problems wit

The Kr 3d correlation satellites have been studied experimentally by using plane polarized synchrotron radiation to record polarization dependent photoelectron spectra (PES), and theoretically by employing the R-matrix method to calculate photoionization cross sections, PES and angular distributions. The experimental spectra have allowed the photoelectron anisotropy parameters characterizing the a

Background: Vasopressin concentration is typically higher at night, during stress, and in males, but readily lowered by water intake. Vasopressin is also a causal candidate for cardiometabolic disease, which shows seasonal variation. Objective: To study whether vasopressin concentration varies by season in a temperate climate. Methods: The vasopressin surrogate marker copeptin was analyzed in fast

Objective. Our aim was to study the importance of baseline BMI, smoking, and alcohol consumption (AC) for disease activity (DA) over 1 year in early axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), stratified by sex. Methods. In the SPondyloArthritis Caught Early cohort (patients with chronic back pain onset at age < 45 yrs, with pain for ≥ 3 months and ≤ 2 yrs), the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score

Ventilation ducts can have a negative effect on the sound reduction index between two rooms if they pass through the dividing structure without treatments. The overall sound reduction of a ventilation duct is dependent on several factors including the transmission loss when sound is breaking in and out from the duct. This study aims to model the sound reduction of a combined system with a separati

The composition of the reducing gas in the activation of Co Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts determines the nature of the catalytically active Co species. This study reports on the effect of H2versus syngas (H2/CO = 2) on the reducibility of Co3O4nanoparticles supported on hollow carbon spheres, using ex situ and in situ high-resolution aberration-corrected analytical electron microscopy. High-

The history of Christianity is marked by frequent debates over doctrinal truth. From an early stage, Christian authors began to use the terms "orthodoxy" and "heresy" to deal with diversity of faith. While the orthodox faith was seen as the one that had been preserved from the time of the apostles, heresies were seen as later innovations. This idea was expressed in the Ecclesiastical History by Eu

Aquaporin channels facilitate bidirectional water flow in all cells and tissues. AQP4 is highly expressed in astrocytes. In the CNS, it is enriched in astrocyte endfeet, at synapses, and at the glia limitans, where it mediates water exchange across the blood-spinal cord and blood-brain barriers (BSCB/BBB), and controls cell volume, extracellular space volume, and astrocyte migration. Perivascular

It is a wellknown fact that the books of the Hebrew Bible are, to a great extent, anonymous and that the individuals long identified as their authors (Moses, Isaiah, David, Solomon, and so on) are not the ones who have penned them. How, then, should the few paratexts that do, in fact, relate texts explicitly to named individuals be understood? In this article, I argue that such a question is essen

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive neoplasms with poor outcomes, commonly affecting older patients with comorbidities. This study aims to describe outcomes of older patients with PTCL in a large international cohort. Patients aged $70 years with PTCL diagnosed from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015 in the Swedish Lymphoma Registry (SLR) and California Cancer

Humans are exposed to various metals through many different routes and each person’s genetic background contributes to their susceptibility to metal toxicity. In addition, recent evidence points to a role for the genetics of the human microbiome in metal uptake and toxicity. DNA sequence variation in genes that regulate metal toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics influences metal accumulation and rete

Determination of the atomic structure of solid surfaces typically depends on comparison of measured properties with simulations based on hypothesized structural models. For simple structures, the models may be guessed, but for more complex structures there is a need for reliable theory-based search algorithms. So far, such methods have been limited by the combinatorial complexity and computational

The work of defence lawyers entails managing emotions to ensure that they remain appropriate to the situation - whether that be a criminal trial or the law offices. This demands emotional dexterity and interactional skill, not least due to the particular role of defence lawyers who work closely with clients, view gruesome evidence and who often face moral suspicion. This chapter explores the vario

Background: Atrial pacing and right ventricular (RV) pacing are both associated with adverse outcomes among patients with first-degree atrioventricular block (1°AVB). His-bundle pacing (HBP) provides physiological activation of the ventricle and may be able to improve both atrioventricular (AV) and inter-ventricular synchrony in 1°AVB patients. This study evaluates the acute echocardiographic and

Biologically active vitamin B6-derivative pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) is an essential cofactor in amino acid metabolic pathways. PLP-dependent enzymes catalyze a multitude of chemical reactions but, how reaction diversity of PLP-dependent enzymes is achieved is still not well understood. Such comprehension requires atomic-level structural studies of PLP-dependent enzymes. Neutron diffraction affo

A goal in insect–microbe ecology is to understand the mechanisms regulating species associations and mutualistic interactions. The spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii develops in ripening fruit, unlike other drosophilids that typically feed on overripe fruit, and is associated with the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum. We hypothesized that D. suzukii and H. uvarum engage in niche construction lea

The androgen receptor (AR) is a prostate master transcription factor. It binds to genetic enhancers, where it regulates gene activity and plays a fundamental role in prostate pathophysiology. Previous work has demonstrated that AR-DNA binding is systematically and consistently reprogrammed during prostate tumorigenesis and disease progression. We charted these reprogrammed AR sites and identified

Alternative splicing is central to metazoan gene regulation, but the regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show that G-quadruplex (G4) motifs are enriched ~3-fold near splice junctions. The importance of G4s in RNA is emphasised by a higher enrichment for the non-template strand. RNA-seq data from mouse and human neurons reveals an enrichment of G4s at exons that were skipped