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The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark ph
Context. Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2) contains results for 1693 million sources in the magnitude range 3 to 21 based on observations collected by the European Space Agency Gaia satellite during the first 22 months of its operational phase. Aims. We describe the input data, models, and processing used for the astrometric content of Gaia DR2, and the validation of these resultsperformed within the
The large genus Prunus has many cultivated species. Many Prunus fruits are edible, but also wood and other plant parts are used for various purposes. The large genus Prunus has many cultivated species. Many Prunus fruits are edible, but also wood and other plant parts are used for various purposes.
We assume that an intuitive means for the specification, re-use, modification and transfer of synchronized motions-both regarding the two arms of a dual-arm robotic system, as well as regarding the coordination of a user and a robot-is key in interactive and collaborative settings as they are currently targeted for industrial applications. We show, how our knowledge based approach to end-user prog
BACKGROUND Embolic strokes of undetermined source represent 20% of ischemic strokes and are associated with a high rate of recurrence. Anticoagulant treatment with rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, may result in a lower risk of recurrent stroke than aspirin. METHODS We compared the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban (at a daily dose of 15 mg) with aspirin (at a daily dose of 100 mg) for th
A deep understanding of the Milky Way galaxy, its formation and evolution requires observations of huge numbers of stars. Stellar photometry, therefore, provides an economical method to obtain intrinsic stellar parameters. With the addition of distance information - a prospect made real for more than a billion stars with the second Gaia data release - deriving reliable ages from photometry is a po
Background Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods We pooled 2416 popu
Given a static plant described by a differentiable input-output function, which is completely unknown, but whose Jacobian takes values in a known polytope in the matrix space, we consider the problem of tuning the output (i.e., driving the output to a desired value), by suitably choosing the input. To this aim, we assume to have at our disposal a discrete sequence of trials only, as it happens, fo
Today’s children live in a world where music in all its different forms has become a significant factor in their everyday life. This article describes a 2-year empirical study of nine 8-year-old Swedish children creating music with synthesiser and computer software. The aim of the study is to describe and clarify the creative processes of computer-based composition. The tasks given to the children
The demand for easily available geographic information is increasing in society. Moreover, knowledge of spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) has increased in many European governmental agencies, in large part because of the implementation of the INSPIRE directive. Many countries, thus, recognise the need to provide more detailed geographic information as network services at the national level. One
Current techniques for visualising geospatial Linked Data are limited in terms of multiple representation, which has been studied for decades by cartographers and considered as a prerequisite for deriving appropriate geovisualisation applications. In order to alleviate this issue, this paper presents a work in progress, in which the multiple representation geospatial data are released as Linked Da
The Paris Agreement requests a substantial reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions are currently mainly estimated from bottom-up inventories and process-based models of land and ocean fluxes. Another, complementary approach is based on measurements of the atmospheric GHG concentration in combination with atmospheric inverse modelling to provide the GHG fluxes. For the latter a
The sharing of digital information between phases in the planning and building process still have shortcomings. Ourstudy is performed as a test case on a construction project in a municipality and focuses on two aspects of how the sharing of building information could be improved: 1) to get a more process oriented approach to the information flow. Here we will test if the ISO-standard Product Lif
