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In a laboratory experiment, northern pike Esox lucius gastric evacuation rates did not differ between equal-mass rations of small and large prey. In a comparison between intermediate and large prey, the pike were unable to fit two intermediate prey completely into the stomach at the same time, resulting in two consecutive evacuations, and changes in patterns of gastric evacuation. Thus. total gast
High-repetition-rate laser-induced fluorescence measurements of fuel and OH concentrations in internal combustion engines are demonstrated. Series of as many as eight fluorescence images, with a temporal resolution ranging from 10 mus to 1 ms, are acquired within one engine cycle. A multiple-laser system in combination with a multiple-CCD camera is used for cycle-resolved imaging in spark-ignition
Background: The clinical management of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) often involves a complex assessment of the extent and severity of changes in left ventricular (LV) myocardial perfusion, function and viability. We aimed to explore the feasibility of integrative quantitative representation of LV perfusion, function and viability in adjacent polar plots. In order to assess the clini
The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is extensively used as a biomarker of chromosomal damage and genome stability in human populations. Much theoretical evidence has been accumulated supporting the causal role of MN induction in cancer development, although prospective cohort studies are needed to validate MN as a cancer risk biomarker. A total of 6718 subjects
DSC studies were carried out in the heating-cooling cycles for non-irradiated and irradiated with gamma-rays ((CO)-C-60) using 30 kGy dose wheat flour. The differences between gelatinisation and reversible transition of amylose-lipid complexes occurring in suspensions of non-irradiated and the irradiated flour (characterized by a dry matter to water ratio of 1: 1 and 1:3) depend on the conditions
Heat generation due to plastic deformation of metals and steel is studied. Whereas in many investigations it is assumed that the fraction eta of the plastic work transformed into heat is constant throughout the deformation process, the fraction eta is here derived from thermodynamic considerations in a large-strain setting. It is shown that for elasto-plasticity the fraction eta follows as a resul
The effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal mycelial colonization and carbon allocation were assessed using Pinus silvestris plants grown in association with an ectomycorrhizal fungus. Plants were placed in perspex growth chambers divided by a central partition so that soils of different pH could be used on either side of the chambers. Differences between the growth form and growth rates of the fungi
Introduction: Activation recovery time (ART), defined as the time from the earliest ventricular activation time to the end of T wave on unipolar electrograms, has been used as an index of myocardial repolarization time. However, it is unknown whether the ART can be used to estimate the global sequence and dispersion of ventricular repolarization as determined by the monophasic action potential (MA
BACKGROUND. Endometrial carcinomas seem to carry a different prognosis depending on the presence or absence of concomitant complex atypical hyperplasia (hyperplasia). The molecular genetic profile of these two pathogenetic types, based on the genes reportedly mutated in these cancers, remains to be defined. Although microsatellite inability is reported in approximately 25% of endometrial carcinoma
The Serial Color Word Test was administered at baseline to 253 hypertensive men participating in the prospective cohort study of cardiovascular diseases "Men born in 1914" in Malmo, Sweden. This test of psychological adaptation to a stressful encounter was used to investigate whether susceptibility to stress moderates the risk of a cardiac event in association with hypertension. Adaptive behavior,
This paper outlines how an understanding of the processes of building cognitive and sociopolitical legitimacy is relevant to the formation of a biorefining sector. First we describe a number of theoretical insights into challenges faced by emerging industries and how these can relate to the formation of a biorefining sector. Second, we present the conduct and results of an initial exploration of u
The oxyntic mucosa is rich in ECL cells. They secrete histamine and chromogranin A-derived peptides, such as pancreastatin, in response to gastrin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). Secretion is initiated by Ca2+ entry. While gastrin stimulates secretion by opening L-type and N-type Ca2+ channels, PACAP stimulates secretion by activating L-type and receptor-operated Ca2+ c
The major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form a large protein family of ancient origin and are found in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. MIPs act as channels in membranes to facilitate passive transport across the membrane. Some MIPs allow small polar molecules like glycerol or urea to pass through the membrane. However, the majority of MIPs are thought to be aquaporins (AQPs), i.e., they are spec
We examine a recently proposed symmetry/condition by Friedberg and Lee in the framework where three right-handed neutrinos are added to the spectrum of the three-family Minimal Standard Model. It is found that the right-handed neutrinos are very special, with respect to this symmetry. In the symmetry limit the neutrinos are massless and that may be a hint about why they are light. Imposed as a con
Monolithic macroporous hydrogels, "cryogels," are produced by polymerization in a partially frozen state when the ice crystals perform as a porogen. Cryogels have a unique combination of properties: (i) large (10-100 microm) pores; (ii) minimal non-specific interactions due to the hydrophilic nature of the polymers; (iii) porosities exceeding 80-90%; (iv) good mechanical stability. These propertie
A set of simple analytical equations, derived from the Flory-Huggins theory, are used to identify the dominant driving forces for phase separation and solute (e.g., protein) partitioning, in the absence and presence of added electrolyte, in every general class of aqueous two-phase systems. The resulting model appears to capture the basic nature of two-phase systems and all trends observed experime
