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Background: Aggregated alpha-Synuclein (αSyn) is a hallmark pathology in Parkinson’s disease but also one of the most common co-pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Preclinical studies suggest that αSyn can exacerbate tau aggregation, implying that αSyn co-pathology may specifically contribute to the Aβ-induced aggregation of tau that drives neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. To in

Precise statistics about crop types and productions can support establishing more efficient decisions in the food security framework. The applicability of remote sensing imagery has been confirmed worldwide in crop-related studies. In this chapter, time series Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images were integrated, along with crop inventory, to generate crop-type maps in Imperial County, CA, USA, within

Bakgrund: Amning innebär hälsofördelar både för mor och barn. Trots att majoriteten av kvinnor önskar att amma, minskar andelen barn som helammas. Amningsstödet har beskrivits som otillräcklig, med brister inom den postnatala vården. Kvinnor har i tidigare studier lyft fram avsaknaden av fördjupade bedömningar av amningen samt brist på känslomässigt stöd under vårdtiden efter förlossningen. Faktor

Abstrakt Bakgrund: Att bli förälder är en av de största omställningarna i livet. Socialstyrelsen rekommenderar utbildning i föräldraskapsstöd i mindre grupper för att stärka blivande föräldrars förmåga att möta barnets behov, känna sig trygga i sin nya roll, skapa trygghet under förlossningen och underlätta omställningen efter förlossningen. Tidigare studier visar på både variation i innehåll och

Att skriva SQL-satser för att hämta användardata är ofta en ansträngande uppgift som kräver god kännedom om hur datainsamlingen fungerar, och hur användare interagerar med applikationen. För utvecklare som endast skriver SQL ibland innebär det mycket kontextväxling och tid som går åt till att åter bekanta sig med dataanalyseringsarbetet. För att lösa detta problemet utvecklades en intern AI-agentWriting SQL to extract usage data is a strenuous task that requires extensive knowledge of logging practices and user interactions within an application. For engineers and developers who write SQL only intermittently, the resulting context switching and re-familiarization can consume valuable work hours. To address this challenge, an internal AI agent was developed to transform natural language i

Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker i vilken utsträckning litteratursökning och sammanfattning inom klinisk farmakologi kan delvis automatiseras genom använd- ning av en lokalt implementerad språkmodell (LLM) i kombination med en Hämt- ningsförbättrad generering (RAG)-komponent, utformad som ett fritextbaserat kliniskt beslutsstöd för medicinska experter. Kandidatuppsatsen syftar till att utveckla enThis thesis investigates the extent to which literature search and summarisation in clinical pharmacology can be partially automated by utilising a locally deployed Large Language Model (LLM) coupled with a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) component, designed as a free-text clinical decision support tool for medi- cal experts. The thesis aims to develop a prototype system consisting of a local

By combining ab initio downfolding with cluster dynamical mean-field theory, we study the degree of correlations in monolayer, bilayer, and bulk breathing-mode kagome van der Waals materials Nb3(F, Cl, Br, I)8. Our new material-specific many-body model library shows that in low-temperature bulk structures the Coulomb correlation strength steadily increases from I to Br, Cl, and F, allowing us to i

Minimal Kitaev chains, composed of two quantum dots connected via a superconductor, have emerged as an attractive platform to realize Majorana bound states (MBSs). These excitations exist when the ground state is degenerate. The additional requirement of isolating the MBS wave functions further restricts the parameter space to discrete sweet spots. While scaling up to Kitaev chains with more than

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of active heart sparing (AHS) planning in patients with locally advanced and centrally located NSCLC receiving standard definitive radiotherapy (RT), while maintaining or improving appropriate lung, esophagus, and spinal cord constraints and planning target volume (PTV) coverage intent. Methods and materials: A total of 27 patients with stage IIIA/B NSCLC

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. Though the precise mechanism is not fully understood, a 2-hit model is widely accepted, involving both a predisposing patient condition and the transfusion itself. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and N-formylated peptides (NFPs), are ele

Carbon-based materials are highly sought after due to their superior properties, making them valuable for high-performance applications. However, most carbon-based materials are derived from fossil sources, and their synthesis often involves hazardous chemicals. Therefore, it is essential to develop sustainable methods for synthesising these materials from renewable resources, using fewer solvents

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and future cardiovascular events. Anti-inflammatory therapy can reduce the risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) events following myocardial infarction (MI). However, it remains unknown to what extent inflammation at the time of an acute event predicts long-term outcomes. We explored whe

Background: Despite progress in the treatment of asthma, there is an unmet need for additional therapeutic strategies, not least to avoid side-effects of corticosteroids. The enzyme MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) hydrolyzes oxidized purines and prevents their insertion to DNA. Small molecule inhibition of MTH1 has shown promising therapeutic effects in both cancer and inflammatory conditions. In this study

Objective: To evaluate the fecal metabolome in patients with early systemic sclerosis (SSc) compared with unaffected controls and to determine if altered metabolites are associated with specific bacterial genera in patients with early SSc. Methods: Stool samples and clinical data were collected from 106 patients with early SSc and 79 unaffected control patients. Targeted metabolomics was performed

Aims To study the prevalence of masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) in patients recently hospitalized for myocardial infarction, and to develop machine learning-based prediction models identifying MUCH. Methods and results Ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) was performed in 99 patients following hospitalization for a myocardial infarction. Sixty-two clinical variables were eligible f

In this paper we present the first investigation of the C–N coupling reaction between N-tosylhydrazones including O-peracylated 2,6-anhydro-aldose tosylhydrazones and 1H-1,2,3-triazoles under catalyst-free conditions. This transformation is characterized by relatively mild thermal conditions, high regioselectivity in favor of 2,4-disubstituted 2H-1,2,3-triazoles and broad functional group tolera

Research suggests that individuals often overlook beneficial subtractive strategies when solving problems. Subtractive strategies, which include reducing demand for goods and services (e.g., reducing car use), have a high climate mitigation potential. Yet, these may be systematically overlooked in favor of additive strategies like adopting new technologies (e.g., buying an electric car). This Regi

Offering supports for young adults with mental health problems in their educational and vocational pursuits promotes well-being, social inclusion, and self-sufficiency. It is therefore important that welfare actors offer services to this group. However, in Sweden, with a tradition of local self-governance and municipal autonomy, decisions regarding which services to offer may depend on perceptions

Haploblocks are regions of the genome that coalesce to an ancestor as a single unit. Differentiated haplotypes in these regions can result from the accumulation of mutational differences in low-recombination chromosomal regions, especially when selective sweeps occur within geographically structured populations. We introduce a method to identify large well-differentiated haploblock regions (LHBRs)

Introduction: Residual cognitive deficits are commonly reported by individuals in remission from depression, often affecting daily life functioning and mental health. To provide tailored and personalized cognitive enhancement interventions for this population, there is a need for a better understanding of the characteristics of those who benefit from such interventions. Therefore, this study aimed