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Flavonoids were extracted from Odontonema strictum leaves by supercritical carbon dioxide, with ethanol. The effect of three independents variables (time, pressure and temperature) on the Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were optimized by factorial investigation. The TFC and flavonoid recovery varies respectively from 99.33 to 247.78 mg/g of dried extract and 10.68–18.92 mg/g of dried leaves powder,
Flow patterns for water-butanol, water-toluene, water-hexane, water-oil and water/glycerol (weight ratio 60:40) mixture-oil two-phase flows were visualized in the cross-shaped junctions of three square glass microchannels with hydraulic diameters of 200 µm, 400 µm and 600 µm. The aqueous phase is the continuous phase contacting the channel walls while the organic phase is the dispersed phase in th
A pre-existing algebraic graphic statics method is extended to allow for interactive manipulations of the force diagram, from which an updated form diagram is determined. Newton's method is used to solve a set of non-linear equations, and the required Jacobian matrix is derived. Additional geometric constraints on the form diagram are introduced, and methods for improving the robustness of the met
Humidity is an omnipresent climatic factor that influences the fitness, reproductive behavior and geographic distribution of animals. Insects in particular use humidity cues to navigate the environment. Although the sensory neurons of this elusive sense were first described more than fifty years ago, the transduction mechanism of humidity sensing (hygrosensation) remains unknown. Recent work has u
Numerous prey organisms, including many rotifers, exhibit inducible defensive plasticity, such as spines, in response to predators. Here, we test the hypothesis that prey modify their defence response to different predator sizes with a bi-directional adjustment in spine length. First, we show experimentally, that large-sized predators induce a reduction in prey spine length. Second, we conducted a
AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for easily administered objective tests in neurodevelopmental disorders. We investigated the clinical utility for child and adolescent psychiatry of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) as support in diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). MethodsTh
To reduce the horizontal gender segregation in the labor market, we need to understand gender differences in career choice. The current study followed a large group of Swedish adolescents as they made their first educational choice, and tested for mediation of gender differences using measures of ability beliefs and career goals, which were collected shortly prior to the choice.Findings revealed s
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are a rare population of cells that gives rise to skeletal tissues and the hematopoietic stroma in vivo. Recently, we have demonstrated that BM-MSCs fulfill stringent in vivo stem cell criteria when propagated as non-adherent mesenspheres but not as adherent-cultured cells. Motivated by these profound functional differences, the current study aimed t
Cultured cancer cells serve as important models for preclinical testing of anti-cancer compounds. However, the optimal conditions for retaining original tumor features during in vitro culturing of cancer cells have not been investigated in detail. Here we show that serum-free conditions are critical for maintaining an immature phenotype of neuroblastoma cells isolated from orthotopic patient-deriv
In a solid-state host, attractive electron-electron interactions can lead to the formation of local electron pairs which play an important role in the understanding of prominent phenomena such as high T c superconductivity and the pseudogap phase. Recently, evidence of a paired ground state without superconductivity was demonstrated at the level of single electrons in quantum dots at the interface
A series of poly(arylene piperidinium)s (PAPipQs) devoid of any alkali-sensitive aryl ether bonds or benzylic sites are prepared and studied as anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for alkaline fuel cells. First, the excellent alkaline stability of the model compound 4,4-diarylpiperidinium is confirmed. Medium molecular weight poly(arylene piperidine)s are then synthesized in polycondensations of N-met
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (coxibs) are characterized by multiple molecular off-target effects and increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Here, we systematically explored common variants of genes representing molecular targets of coxibs for association with CAD. Given a broad spectrum of pleiotropic effects of coxibs, our intention was to narrow potential mechanisms affecting CAD risk as w
In this paper we develop a system for detection of word-related head movements in audiovisu-al recordings of read news. Our materials consist of Swedish television news broadcasts and comprise audiovisual recordings of five news readers (two female, three male). The corpus was manually labelled for head movement, applying a simplistic annotation scheme consisting of a binary decision about absenceIn this paper we develop a system for detection of word-related head movements in audiovisu-al recordings of read news. Our materials consist of Swedish television news broadcasts and comprise audiovisual recordings of five news readers (two female, three male). The corpus was manually labelled for head movement, applying a simplistic annotation scheme consisting of a binary decision about absence
Seen through the growth of progressive diversity policies it may appear that contemporary organizations are sites of equality. But although inclusion is the formally stated aim of many organizations, exclusionary pressures toward LGBT workers still challenge sexual minorities' access to full inclusion. A central concern in this paper is exploring how to understand inclusion in organizational conte
