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A method of measuring three-dimensional spatialwave size is proposed and statistical distributions of the size characteristics are derived in explicit integral forms for Gaussian sea surfaces. New definitions of wave characteristics such as the crest-height, the length, the size and the wave front location are provided in fully dimensional context. The joint statistical distributions of th

We review the generalized Rice formula approachto deriving long-run distributions of a variety of characteristics defined at random events defined on a stochastic process. While the approach stems from the same principle originally introduced by Rice for the level crossing intensity in a random signal, we show how it generalizes to more general contexts. Firstly, we discuss events defined on rando

The APARCH model is a generalization of the GARCH model that attempts to capture asymmetric responses of returns and of volatility to positive and negative `news shocks' -the phenomenon known as the leverage effect. Despite its potential, the model's mathematical properties have not yet been fully investigated. While the capacity of the model to account for the leverage effect is clear from its de

Denna studie avser att undersöka den mening som mediciner skapar, och hur de påverkar människors vardagliga erfarenheter och identitetsskapande. Medicineringens relation till kroppsliga tecken och symptom påvisar den spänning som finns i synen på läkemedlet; mediciner som något farligt och riskfyllt men samtidigt med förmåga att förebygga och bota. Mediciners farlighet tycks delvis kunna motverkasThis study aims to explore the meaning that is created when using medicines, and how medicines affect older people’s experiences of everyday life and their identity. The connection between medicines and the body demonstrates the tension that the medications contain; something dangerous and unsafe but with the power to cure and prevent illness. The risks of medications seem to be counteracted throu

The Sibuya distribution arises as the distribution of the waiting time for the first success in Bernoulli trials, where the probabilities of success are inversely proportional to the number of a trial. We study a generalization that is obtained as the distribution of the excess random variable N − k given N > k, where N has the Sibuya distribution. We summarize basic facts regarding this distri

Recent years have seen an increased interest in the transmuted probability models,which arise from transforming a “base” distribution into its generalized counterpart. While many standard probability distributions were generalized throughout this simple construction, the concept lacked deeper theoretical interpretation. This note demonstrates that the scheme is more than just a simple trick to obt

Since the 1990s, vigorous debate concerning a number of key issues has taken place within the study of Chinese nationalism. Scholars have tended to differentiate between diverse types of nationalism. For example, many studies distinguish between a malign nationalism on the one hand and a benign patriotism on the other. The strongest evidence for such a distinction can be found in survey research,