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Epitaxial TiN films were grown on cubic (3C)-SiC(001) and hexagonal (6H)-SiC(0001) substrates by ultrahigh vacuum reactive magnetron sputtering from a Ti target in a mixed Ar and N2 discharge at a substrate temperature of 700°C. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, including high-resolution imaging, showed orientational relationships TiN(001) ∥ 3C-SiC(001), and TiN[110] ∥ 3C-SiC[110],
A simple method for extracting compositional information from high-resolution electron microscopy images of an amorphous two-element system using a slow-scan CCD camera has been developed. The method has been evaluated on amorphous Si/Ge multilayers. The characterisation of the multilayers provided information about thickness of the layers, maximum concentrations within the layers and elemental pr
Molecular dynamics (MD) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) imaging are used to investigate the mechanism of strain relaxation of a model 3C-SiC(001)/Si(001) interface. It is found that the essential atomic mechanism governing this process is the formation of undulations in planes parallel and perpendicular to the interface. The net effect is the generation of misfit-accommodating dislo
The formation conditions, structure, and properties of the recently discovered phosphide, Si12P5 (initially assigned Si7P3), have been studied using x-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, photospectrometry, and a four-point probe. The phosphide formed in amorphous Si-P alloy thin films with 30, 35 and 44 at. % P after annealing at 1000°C for 30 min. During annealing a
The arrangement of yttrium atoms in YB56with YB66structure was determined by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) using a slow-scan CCD camera. Digital HREM images recorded along the [100], [110], and [111] directions of the YB56crystals showed "averaged" yttrium atom positions in the boron clusters, which were also confirmed by image simulation. Digital HREM images recorded from thin region
Electoral politics remains a much-gendered sphere, dominated by men political actors and masculine behaviors. Media coverage of politics has often reinforced gendered norms. This article uses qualitative thematic analysis of three U.S. newspapers’ coverage of the 2016 presidential debates between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton to explore how the mediated construction of political leaders is gend
We have found the deposition technology at which the interface roughness of Nb/Si multilayer is strongly correlated and decreases with deposited layer number. On the basis of our Nb/Si multilayer we succeeded to prepare ten-fold stacked Josephson junction (JJ). Basic electric properties of stacked JJ are presented.
The exact three-dimensional structure of a nanosized colloidal particle of Pd3P was determined directly from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images that were recorded in several crystallographic directions. An HRTEM image recorded along [011] is shown on the right. The cores of the particles were excluded from the analysis because of severe multiple diffraction.
This timely book addresses the political under-representation of women and over-representation of men, both in the UK and internationally. It does so by bringing together perspectives from political science and sociolinguistics to analyse the relationship between gender and language in a variety of political spheres. Specifically, it investigates how both women and men use language and interact ac
The strain distribution in InP quantum dots, coherently grown on a GaInP substrate, was determined by image analysis of high-resolution electron microscopy images. Image simulations were used to verify the obtained results. The measured strain values were compared with values obtained from finite element calculations, using the dot shape determined by electron microscopy. The measured and calculat
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, T. thioparus, Acidianus brierleyi and TH2 Lund, an archaeal isolate, were tested for sulphur oxidising capacity on ground rubber from spent car tyres. T. ferrooxidans converted 8% (w/w) of the sulphur in cryo-ground spent rubber to sulphate in 20 days. Desulphurization of fresh made natural rubber was studied with scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive x-ray
Tubular carbon nitride (CNx, x=0.01–0.32) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by d.c. magnetron sputtering. These tubes were grown in a highly packed form perpendicularly on a sodium chloride substrate. Their number density is estimated to be ∼1×104 per μm2 and is constant over macroscopic regions. Sub-nanometer scale chemical mapping shows that the nitrogen to carbon atomic ratio is rathe
Ekmanite is a member of the 2:1 type modulated layer silicates such as ganophyllite and bannisterite. Its chemical composition can be represented by K(M20)[Si32O76](OH)16 (M = Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+) where three of eight Si-tetrahedra are inverted across the interlayer sharing an apical oxygen with similarly inverted tetrahedra from the adjacent layers. The arrangement of the regular, D, and inverted, R
Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is a chemically stable oxygen-ion-conducting material, which has been extensively used as an additive or support in oxidation catalysts. The fact that catalytic behaviour is often surface structure sensitive and/or edge atom dependent suggests that different surfaces might be discernible in associated redox processes. Thus, it is desirable to realise CeO2 films with a well-de
The structure of the η′ phase, one of the most important age-hardening precipitates in commercial Al-Zn-Mg alloys, has been studied at the atomic level by means of high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). A structural model of the η′ phase has been constructed on the basis of the structural characteristics in the observed images and the structure of the η-MgZn2 phase. Image simulation of this m
The aim of this paper is to consider approaches to understanding and evaluating accountability in education from the perspective of concerns with gender equality in education. This task has a number of facets and complexities, because ‘gender’ is not one simple set of relationships, and the notion of gender equality in education can be read in a number of different ways. Thus developing adequate c
Eu2+-doped ZnS nanoparticles with an average size of around 3 nm were prepared, and an emission band around 530 nm was observed. By heating in air at 150 degrees C, this emission decreased, while the typical sharp line emission of Eu3+ increased. This suggests that the emission around 530 nm is from intraion transition of Eu2+: In bulk ZnS:Eu2+, no intraion transition of Eu2+ was observed because
Ge and Si semiconductor nanoparticles encapsulated in oxide layers were prepared by the inert gas condensation method. High-resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry showed the formation of the core-shell structures with a size below 10 nm. The optical absorption spectra of Ge showed the band edges at higher energy compared to the ordinary Ge element. Photoluminescenc
The modulated structure of Ag2SnO3, disilver tin trioxide, was investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction along four different directions. Electron diffraction showed an incommensurate one-dimensional modulated structure with a modulation wavevector of 1/6.4a*. High-resolution images showed a large number of superstructure domains with the size range 10-100 nm and
