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We study the process of charged polymer translocation, driven by an external electric potential, through a narrow pore in a membrane. We assume that the number of polymer segments, m, having passed the entrance pore mouth, is a slow variable governing the translocation process. Outside the pore the probability that there is an end segment at the entrance pore mouth, is taken as the relevant parame
In the current study we evaluated the structure of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) diagnostics in the Russian Federation. Patient effective doses, organ doses and corresponding radiation risks for the most common PET/CT examinations were evaluated. Data was collected in 12 regions of the Russian Feder
Optical tweezers, atomic force microscopes, patch clamping, or fluorescence techniques make it possible to study both the equilibrium conformations and dynamics of single DNA molecules as well as their interaction with binding proteins. In this paper we address the dynamics of local DNA denaturation (bubble breathing), deriving its dynamic response to external physical parameters and the DNA seque
If a leptoquark is produced at HERA as a narrow resonance, various effects tend to broaden the measurable mass distribution considerably. These effects are discussed here, with special emphasis on initial- and final-state QCD radiation. A proper understanding is important to assess the significance of data and to devise strategies for better mass reconstruction.
In computational fluid dynamic simulations of partially premixed combustion engines it is common to find simplifications of the in cylinder flow conditions in order to save computational cost. One common simplification is to start the simulation at the moment of intake valve closing with an assumed initial flow condition, rather than making a full scavenging simulation. Another common simplificati
Several distinct color flow topologies are possible in multiparton configurations. A method is proposed to find the correct topology, based on a minimization of the total transverse momentum of produced particles. This method is studied for three-jet [Formula presented] and four-jet [Formula presented] events. It is shown how the basic picture is smeared, especially by parton-shower activity. The
Low temperature combustion concepts used in compression ignition engines have shown to be able to produce simultaneous reduction of oxides of nitrogen and soot as well as generating higher gross indicated efficiencies compared to conventional diesel combustion. This is achieved by a combination of premixing, dilution and optimization of com
At HERA, the large flux of almost real photons accompanying the electron beam leads to the copious photoproduction of jets. Regions of small momentum fractions x of the incoming particles are explored, where the density of partons is high. As a result, the probability for more than one hard partonic scattering occurring in a single collision could become significant. It is well known that this ef
All currently available QCD-inspired models/Monte Carlos for the event structure in high-p T physics are described. Included is information on hard interactions, initial and final state radiation, structure functions, beam jets and fragmentation. Results from a number of comparative Monte Carlo runs are presented, which help to illuminate how the physics content in Monte Carlos may be tested. Spec
Phenomenological models of multiparticle production have become increasingly important for the interpretation of experimental data in high energy physics. The evolution of these models fills a gap left open by the present limited theoretical understanding of the hadronization process, i.e. the transformation of outgoing colored partons into color singlet hadrons. The three main schools of thought,
Partially premixed combustion (PPC) with gasoline fuels is a new promising combustion concept for future internal combustion engines. However, many researchers have argued the capabilities of research octane number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON) to describe the autoignition behaviour of gasoline fuels in advanced combustion concepts li
We present a model that includes the production of arbitrarily many jets in lepton-hadron events, using the leading log formalism for parton shower evolution. The main problem encountered here, which has not previously been illuminated by studies ofe+e− annihilation or Drell-Yan/Z0/W± production, is the choice of kinematics in the space-like shower evolution. In our preferred solution, the standar
Populärvetenskaplig diskussion om flertydiga, diplomatiska formuleringar som demokratiskt ledarskap.
A large number of measurement techniques have been developed or adapted from other fields to measure various parameters of engine particulates. With the strict limits given by regulations on pollutant emissions, many advanced combustion strategies have been developed towards cleaner combustion. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is widely applied to suppress nitrogen oxide (NOx) and reduce soot emiss
This work aims to study the effect of fuel inhomogeneity on the ignition process and subsequent combustion in a compression ignition Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) engine using a primary reference fuel (PRF) in low load conditions. Five cases with injection timings ranging from the start of injection (SOI) at -70 crank angle degrees (CAD) to -17 CAD have been studied numerically and experimen
