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The global environment suffers from utilizing fossil fuels to powering internal combustion engines (ICE), due to the massive amounts of released CO2. Besides the global impact, the local environments experience high concentrations of harmful pollutants such as NOx, CO, soot and particulate matter (PM). The automotive industry is continuously striving to find new solutions to decrease fuel consumpt
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen består av fyra oberoende empiriska studier. Samtliga studier bidrar till den ekonomiska litteraturen kring barn och ungdomars hälsa och hälsans betydelse för utbildning och arbetsmarknadsutfall senare i livet. Samtliga studier focuserar på typ 1-diabetes men beaktar olika åldrar för sjukdomens debut. En sammanfattande slutsats av avhandlingen är att individThis thesis consists of four independent exploratory research papers contributing to the economic literature on child and adolescent health, and adult educational and labor market outcomes. Each paper considers type 1 diabetes and focuses on onset over a specific age span. An overall conclusion of this thesis is that individuals with type 1 diabetes deviate from peers without diabetes, irrespectiv
This thesis presents four interconnected studies showing methods for characterizing and separating cells based on their acoustic properties, with particular focus on isolating rare cells from blood samples.The first study introduces a technique for single-cell density measurements using microcapillary-adapted density gradient centrifugation. Using fluorescent markers to visualize the density gradi
Background: Mammography screening programmes have been widely implemented across European countries over the past 40 years with the main aim to detect breast cancer earlier and thereby reduce breast cancer mortality. This study aimed to analyse and compare changes over time in breast cancer incidence, by stage at diagnosis, and breast cancer mortality across countries in relation to the timing of
After the commercial emergence of 5G, the research community is already putting its focus on proposing innovative solutions to enable the upcoming 6G. One important lesson put forth by 5G research was that scaling up the conventional multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology by increasing the number of antennas could be extremely beneficial for effectively multiplexing data streams in the s
Clouds are essential elements within Earth's atmosphere, posing a challenge for cloud-resolving models in understanding the creation of new cloud ice particles from existing ice and liquid phases. Such ice initiation determines cloud microphysical and radiative properties, influencing cloud phase, precipitation and cloud extent/properties. To address this challenge effectively, it proves beneficia
Malignant melanoma is a heterogeneous, malignant neoplastic disease, most often originating in the skin. Melanoma is characterized by a high mutational load and has a vastly variable prognosis, depending on disease stage. Genetic aberrations in the mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathway are important in melanoma, of which mutations in BRAF and NRAS are the most common. Additionally, recu
The concept of Channel Shortening (CS) is a well-known technique that has a rich history over 40 years. CS transfers linear vector channels such as multi-input multi-output (MIMO) and intersymbol interference (ISI) channels into ``shortened'' versions, for the purpose of reducing demodulation-complexity and improving data-transmission performance. The original CS idea can trace back to the minimum
Background and aims:Heart transplantation (HT) constitutes the ultimate treatment choice for end-stage heart failure. Following HT, patients require life-long immunosuppressive treatment to prevent allograft rejection. Although survival has steadily increased over the last few decades, issues related to under- and over-immunosuppression remain common and continue to represent one of the most impor
The whole society is digitalizing, filled with streaming services, cloud computing and an ambition of ubiquitous connectivity. To address the data demand, ultra-fast broadband, at the speeds of 1Gbps and more, is developed and deployed. Optical fibers have been long viewed as a future-proof carrier for the ultra-fast broadband. However, the physical deployment of fiber networks, including digging,
Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur staten och kommunernas skadeståndsansvar har utvecklats sedan skadeståndslagen infördes. Till undersökningen används framför allt lag, lagförarbeten, praxis och doktrin. Uppsatsen är uppdelad i tre delar där den första delen behandlar utvecklingen av skadeståndslagen, den andra delen undersöker hur Europakonventionen har påverkat skadeståndsrätten och den tredThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the liability of public bodies have developed since the introduction of the Tort Liability Act. The investigation is mostly built upon current and previous legislation, legislative history, court practice and legal literature. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part discusses the development of the Tort Liability Act, the second part
Private equity is a growing global phenomena and private equity companies have become a major force in many of Sweden’s industries. These companies own portfolio companies which together employs around 190 000 people and have an annual revenue of over 318 billion SEK. The purpose of this thesis was to describe and analyze the Swedish private equity industry and individual companies’ competitive st
I dagens digitaliserade samhälle möter utgivare och publicister av traditionellt tryckt media stora ekonomiska motgångar vid försäljningen av exempelvis nyhetstidningar eller andra tidskrifter. Således har majoriteten av utläggare idag gjort sina publikationer tillgängliga för läsare online. De digitala intäkterna lyckas dock inte väga upp för de förluster utgivarna lider av den nedåtgående försälIn today's digitized society, publishers of legacy printed media face major financial hardships in the sale of newspapers and other magazines. Thus, most publishers today have made their publications available to readers online. However, digital revenues do not make up for the losses that the publishers suffer from the decreasing sales of printed media. This can in part be attributed to the fa
Den europeiska gräns- och kustbevakningen (EBCG), bestående av EU-byrån Frontex samt medlemsstaterna, har mandat att genomföra gränsförvaltningsrelaterade uppdrag som sträcker sig bortom nämnda staters territorium. Dess personal får handla på tredje länders territorium samt på det fria havet, vilket väcker frågan om vad följderna är vad rör förpliktelserna EU:s regelverk kring grundläggande rättigThe European Border and Coast Guard (EBCG), consisting of the EU agency of Frontex and the Union member states, has the mandate to perform missions relating to border management beyond the territory of said states. Its staff may act in the territory of third countries and on the high seas, which raises the question of what the implications are in respect to the obligations which the EU fundamental
Det här arbetet syftar att sammanställa och jämföra arbetstagares yttrandefrihet inom den privata och den offentliga sektorn, med särskilt fokus på sociala medier. I ett anställningsförhållande så råder en lojalitetsplikt mellan arbetstagaren och arbetsgivaren som är grundad på ömsesidiga skyldigheter och rättigheter. Lojalitetsplikten kan sammanfattas till, ur ett arbetstagarperspektiv, en skyldiThe aim with this essay is to compile and compare an employee’s right to freedom of expression within the private and the public sector, with a special focus on social media. When someone enters an employment, certain obligations come into force. These can be summarized into something known as “a duty of loyalty”. In rough strokes, this duty entails that the employee cannot act in a way that could
In many process industries samples are taken and analyzed in laboratories to monitor and ensure proper production conditions. If the analysis result is not within specification limits measures are taken to correct errors. It has proved to be hard to take the appropriate measures. The problem description fits into the confines of control theory and the aim is to make a fairly simple solution to a v
För skapa ett transporteffektivt samhälle kommer kollektivtrafiken att spela en allt större roll i framtidens transportsystem. Om kollektivtrafiken utgör ett reellt alternativ till bilen kan den bidra till både sänkta utsläpp av växthusgaser och marknära partiklar och bidra till en mer effektiv användning av stadens yta. Speciellt i större städer ställs allt högre krav på en effektiv markanvändninIn order to create a more transport efficient society public transport has to play an even bigger role in the future transportation system. If public transport constitutes a realistic alternative to the car it can contribute to both the decrease of greenhouse gases and particles harmful for health, as well as contributing to a more efficient use of city spaces. Especially in larger cities ever hig
