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One of the major challenges in analytical chemistry is to find techniques and methods for determinations of low abundance compounds in complex sample matrices. This thesis describes the development of new miniaturised analytical techniques comprising capillary electroseparation combined with mass spectrometric detection. The techniques are rapid, sensitive, efficient, and suitable even for analyte

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under 1900-talet har jordbruket förändrats drastiskt. Från ett småskaliga lantbruk där åkrar, ängar och betesmarker avlöste varandra, och varje gård var beroende av att både odla mat och hålla djuren med foder, till ett allt mer specialiserat jordbruk där både de enskilda gårdarna och hela regioner specialiserat sig mot antingen spannmålsproduktion eller djurhållning. O

Popular Abstract in Swedish Stefan Jarl (1941-) är kanske mest känd för sin trilogi om modsen i den svenska välfärdsstaten. Modstrilogin som består av Dom kallar oss mods (1968), Ett anständigt liv (1979) samt Det sociala arvet (1993) spänner över tre decennier. I denna avhandling studeras Modstrilogin utifrån filmhistoriska och filmteoretiska perspektiv. Filmerna och dess olika produktionskontextStefan Jarl (1941-) is perhaps most well known for his trilogy of films about a group of outcast mods in the Swedish welfare state. The trilogy covers three decades: the first film, They Call Us Misfits, was made in 1968; the second, A Respectable Life, in 1979, and the third, Misfits to Yuppies, in 1993. In this dissertation, the mods trilogy is studied against a background of film history and fi

Popular Abstract in Swedish I atmosfären finns mikroskopiskt små luftburna partiklar. Till skillnad från makroskopiska partiklar sedimenterar dessa så kallade ’aerosol-partiklar’ så sakta att de följer med den omgivande luftens rörelser. I atmosfärens nedre luftlager (troposfären) avlägsnas aerosolpartiklarna från atmosfären av nederbörd. Partiklarna deponerar därför inom någon vecka. Ovanför tropThis thesis focuses on the influence of volcanism on the compositions of the aerosols in the upper troposphere (UT) and lowermost stratosphere (LMS), and their direct and indirect impact on climate. Aerosol data were obtained by aircraft-borne sampling, using the CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) platform, and laboratory-based

Room acoustic simulations are an important tool, both for design of spaces with satisfactory acoustics and for use in virtual reality experiences. Auralization of acoustic simulations are becoming more and more important in the context of Virtual and Augmented reality (VR and AR respectively), as the technology is used more and more in healthcare, culture and research. In this work, ray tracing si

Popular Abstract in Swedish På senare år har insikten ökat om hur nödvändigt det är att förstå flyktingars, invandrares och deras barns inre värld (speciellt gäller detta krisdrabbade flyktingar). Dessa grupper har kommit i växande skaror till Skandinavien och många för övrigt säkra och duktiga yrkesmänniskor inom alla områden av den psykiska hälsovården, socialtjänsten och andra fack har känt sigIn recent years, awareness has grown of the necessity of understanding the inner world of refugees (in particular traumatized refugees), immigrants, and their children. These groups have come in increasing numbers to Scandinavia, and otherwise confident and capable professionals in all arenas of mental health, social work and other fields have often felt inadequate when working with them. After m

In this thesis the connection between coherence and reliability is investigated. The question may be phrased as follows: does the fact that a set of testimonies is coherent imply that the witnesses who have reported these testimonies are reliable? The same question may also be expressed in terms of beliefs: does the fact that a set of beliefs is coherent imply that the beliefs were reliably produc

Background: Possibilities of detecting oxygen - both in its free form, as gas in the lungs, and in its bound form, as oxygenated hemoglobin - have been explored in this thesis. Perfusion and oxygenation of vital organs (e.g., heart, brain and kidneys) may be severely compromised in critical illness or major trauma, which is why blood is rapidly diverted to those organs to improve chances of surviv

A new palaeoenvironmental record of the post-glacial history of the southern Baltic Sea (~14 ka to present) is presented. During this period, large water level and salinity changes occurred in the Baltic Basin due to opening and closing of connections to the North Atlantic. Previous attempts to establish a detailed chronology for these palaeoenvironmental changes have been conducted mainly in coas

Popular Abstract in Swedish Gliom är en familj av hjärntumörer som är graderade beroende på hur snabbt och på vilket sätt de växer. Grad IV även kallad glioblastoma multiforme, är den mest elakartade av dessa. Patienter har en medelöverlevnadsprognos på ca 12 månader med behandling, såsom kirurgi, kemo- och strålningsterapi. Tumörerna är heterogena, vilket innebär att celler har flera typer av mutGliomas are neoplasms arising in the central nervous system (CNS), and constitute the most common primary brain tumor. They are classified depending on the grade and morphology, from grade I, pilocytic astrocytoma, to grade IV, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Glioblastomas constitute a great challenge in treatment due to their disseminating nature. Classical treatments such as surgery, radiation th

Popular Abstract in Swedish I utvecklingen av gasturbiner och förbränningsmotorer (som används i bilar, flygplan & båtar) finns idag ett modernt miljötänkande som strävar efter att reducera utsläpp och öka effektiviteten (verkningsgraden). Med användning av rätt kylmetoder kan man påverka dessa parametrar. Den bästa möjliga kyltekniken skapar utrymme för att höja temperaturen vid förbränningenThe mean by which a gas turbine combustor is cooled is of major importance for the efficiency and emission performance of the machine. The trends of increasing top cycle temperature and leaner combustion have also been accompanied by a need of efficient use of the cooling air. Traditional cooling schemes such as film cooling are associated with high coolant flow rates and unacceptable emission lev

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avsikten med förtidspensionering är att ge rätt till ekonomisk trygghet om arbetsförmågan skulle reduceras i förtid. Sedan sextiotalet har både totala antalet förtidspensionärer och antalet nybeviljade förtidspensioner ökat kontinuerligt. Efter att 1993 ha kulminerat med över 62.000 nybeviljade pensioner, har antalet därefter minskat. Både för den enskilde och för samhäDuring the last decades, the incidence of disability pension in Sweden has increased continuously and it peaked in 1993 at approximately 62,000 new pensions. Early retirement due to occupational disability often constitutes a problem for the society as well as for the individual. The aim of this thesis was to analyse aspects on the risk of disability pension, to describe changes in health after th

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det romerska triumftåget var en segerprocession som paraderade in i och genom staden Rom efter varje segerrikt fälttåg. I tåget leddes byten och fångar av många olika slag samt avbildningar av erövrade platser och folkslag som tillverkats för processionen. Avhandlingen analyserar dessa uttryck för ”den andre” och diskuterar hur triumftåget både reflekterade och skapade The triumphal procession staged Roman conquest and supremacy, featuring the defeated ‘other’ as opposed to the victorious ‘self’ in a rather fixed role-playing. This thesis takes as its theoretical premise that these ritually recurrent and visually emphatic processions both conveyed and constructed Roman views of the self and the other, and that they can be studied as formative expressions of such

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna skrift behandlar marklagring av värme, kyla och kärnavfall.The underground is a vast region, which is, too a large extent, unused by man. It has a large potential as a storage facility due to its vastness and availability. This thesis, which consists of eleven papers and reports, deals with nuclear waste repositories in solid rock and with aquifer thermal energy storage systems. All these storage systems induce multidimensional, time-variable thermo-hydr

Load problems in electricity markets occur both on the supply and demand side and can have technical, economic and even political causes. Commonly, such problems have been solved by expanding production and/or distribution capacity, importing electricity or by load management. Load management is a techno-economic measure for harmonizing the relations between supply and demand sides, optimizing pow

Popular Abstract in Swedish Faktor IX (FIX) är en molekyl som behövs för att blodet ska koagulera. Brist på FIX leder till blödarsjuka. För att öka den grundläggande förståelsen av hur FIX fungerar har vi gjort studier av en bit av FIX, som kallas för EGF1. EGF1 är en av två EGFmoduler som finns i FIX. De kallas EGFmoduler för att de liknar en annan molekyl, Epidermal Growth Factor. I denna avhandCoagulation factor IX (FIX) is a vitamin K-dependent serine protease zymogen that circulates in plasma. Defects in FIX cause the bleeding disorder hemophilia B. FIX contains a Gla module, two Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) -like modules and a serine protease region. In this thesis, studies have been performed on the N-terminal EGF module, which binds one Ca2+. — The present results show that bindin

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hur gick det till när det svenska riket expanderade norrut och införlivade Hälsingland? Denna bok är uppställd som en generalhypotes över denna långt utdragna process, som tar sin utgångspunkt i den samhälleliga kollaps som är skönjbar under 500-talet. De inhemska maktstrukturer som gradvis byggdes upp efteråt kom under medeltidens inledande århundraden att få känna på In which way did the power structures of central Sweden expand into the territories north of the forest Ödmården during the Middle Ages? This text reads like a general hypothesis for this process, which attempts to incorporate all relevant elements in the Medieval landscape of power. The study area chosen is the province of Hälsingland. The chronological take-off is the 6th century AD, when settle

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna rättssociologiska studie handlar om tvångsomhändertagna missbrukares rättssäkerhet under tiden i vård. Författaren undersöker begreppet rättssäkerhet i förhållande till tvångsvårdens verkställighet på så kallade LVM-hem i syfte att finna en begreppsdefinition som är operationaliserbar vid studier av rättssäkerhetens upprätthållande. Med utgångspunkt i resultaten Compulsory treatment and care is regulated by the Care of Alcoholics and Drug abusers Act (Lag (1988:870) om vård av missbrukare i vissa fall, LVM). The regulation's main purpose is to motivate persons with addictive problems to voluntarily participate in the treatment of their problems. The compulsory care shall continue for a maximum period of six months in special treatment centres (the so-call

Parallel import in the European Union is the perfectly legal activity under Art. 28-30 EC of buying goods in a low-price country in order to ship and sell them in a high-price country. The pharmaceutical market in Europe is subject to the subsidiartiy principle of Art. 5 EC and heavily characterised by national regulations that lead to significant price differentials between – generally speaking –

For many multivariable problems there are no efficient algorithms for finding solutions. To this day, conventional electronic computers mainly solve problems in a sequential manner. This sequential operation prevents problem-solving within a reasonable time-frame due to superpolynomial, and sometimes even exponential, time complexities. Developing powerful parallel computation techniques has there