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Enzymes play a key role in almost all biological processes, accelerating a variety of metabolic reactions as well as controlling energy transduction, the transcription, and translation of genetic information, and signaling. They possess the remarkable capacity to accelerate reactions by many orders of magnitude compared to their uncatalyzed counterparts, making feasible crucial processes that woul

Objective To establish whether reinstitutionalisation is occurring in mental health care mid, if so, with What variations between Western European countries. Design Comparison of data on changes in service provision. Setting Six European countries with different traditions of mental health care that have all experienced deinstitutionalisation since the 1970s - England, Germany, Italy, the Netherla

Occupational skin diseases are among the most frequent work-related diseases in industrialized countries. Good occupational skin disease statistics exist in few countries. Questionnaire studies are needed to get more data on the epidemiology of occupational skin diseases. The Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire Group has developed a new questionnaire tool - Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnair

Proline-rich regions have been identified in many surface proteins of pathogenic streptococci and staphylococci. These regions have been suggested to be located in cell wall-spanning domains and/or to be required for surface expression of the protein. Because little is known about these regions, which are found in extensively studied and biologically important surface proteins, we characterized th

Many types of microneedle (MN) arrays have been tested for delivery of vaccines to the skin. However, the effect of MN geometry/array design on antibody production is still unclear. Reports suggest that systemic immune responses may be affected by how MN arrays “mechanically” deliver vaccines, which can induce cell damage and act as an adjuvant. This includes parameters such as MN length/insertion

Submerged membrane modules either in flat or hollow fibre configuration have established themselves as a standard module for membrane bioreactors (MBRs) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. In recent years two new concepts using submerged membrane modules have been developed for (1) direct membrane filtration (DMF) for municipal wastewater treatment and for (2) storm and rain harvesti

Nuclear fission leads to the splitting of a nucleus into two fragments1,2. Studying the distribution of the masses and charges of the fragments is essential for establishing the fission mechanisms and refining the theoretical models3,4. It has value for our understanding of r-process nucleosynthesis5,6, in which the fission of nuclei with extreme neutron-to-proton ratios is pivotal for determining

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bioprocesser är samlingsnamnet på alla de system där man utnyttjar någon biologiskt aktiv komponent (biokatalysator) för att utföra (katalysera) en bestämd reaktion. I den här avhandlingen används ordet bioprocess för mikrobiologiska odlingsprocesser, och biokatalysatorn är då en mikroorganism. Man kan utnyttja mikroorganismer för att producera t.ex. enzymer (för miljöv

Waste management is one of the key environmental issues identified in Sri Lanka. Waste generation is linked with the increase of population and urbanization. Polyethylene and other plastics have become a significant consumable material in lifestyles of the public as well as all types of industries in the country. The plastic consumption is high with the sophistication of living standards of the li

Popular Abstract in Swedish Växter kan bli attackerade av många olika sorters bakterier, svampar, virus, insekter och betande djur. Därför har växter utvecklat flera olika försvarssystem mot patogener. Bland annat kan de ha skyddande ytskikt, antimikrobiella molekyler och proteiner. Men växter kan också leva i symbios med bakterier och svampar. Baljväxter bildar rotknölar där kvävefixerade bakteriPlants and microbes can interact in several ways. Plants can be attacked by different types of pathogens like fungi, virus and bacteria, but can also form symbioses with fungi and bacteria. Certain common antimicrobial proteins are produced by the plants regardless of the type of microbial interaction with the plant. In this work, different factors involved in plant-microbe interactions have been

Popular Abstract in Swedish Cellulosabaserade vattenlösliga polymerers egenskaper i lösning och vid ytor har undersökts. Tyngdpunkten har legat på interaktioner med tensider och på effekter av polymerenas utpräglade multikomponentnatur.The solution and interfacial properties of an associative water-soluble cellulose derivative, ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose (EHEC) have been investigated. Main themes have been to study the effect of hydrophobic modification of the polymer (HM-EHEC) and the interactions with surfactants, both in bulk and at interfaces. The association strength of the HM-EHEC network was found to be modulated by eit

The diversity of viral strategies to modulate complement activation indicates that this component of the immune system has significant antiviral potential. One example is the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) complement control protein (KCP), which inhibits progression of the complement cascade. Rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV), like KSHV, is a member of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae and

A number of amyloidogenic variants of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) have been discovered but most have not been analyzed. Previously, we showed that the G26R mutation of apoA-I leads to increased β-strand structure, increased N-terminal protease susceptibility and increased fibril formation after several days of incubation. In vivo, this and other variants mutated in the N-terminal domain (residues

Distributions sensitive to the underlying event are studied in events containing one or more chargedparticle jets produced in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These measurements reflect 800 mu b(-1) of data taken during 2010. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-k(t) algorithm with radius parameter R varying between 0.2 and 1.0. Distribut

Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have several properties that are advantageous for field effect transistors such as high mobility, good electrostatics due to their small diameter allowing for aggressive gate length scaling and capability to withstand high current densities. However, in spite of the exceptional performance of single transistors only a few simple circuits and logic gates using

The CM carbonaceous chondrites have all been aqueously altered, and some of them were subsequently heated in a parent body environment. Here we have sought to understand the impact of short duration heating on a highly aqueously altered CM through laboratory experiments on Allan Hills (ALH) 83100. Unheated ALH 83100 contains 83 volume per cent serpentine within the fine-grained matrix and altered

Purpose of review Recently, genome-wide genetic screening of common DNA sequence variants has proven a successful approach to identify novel genetic contributors to complex traits. This review summarizes recent genome-wide association studies for lipid phenotypes, and evaluates the next steps needed to obtain a full picture of genotype-phenotype correlation and apply these findings to inform clini