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Literature reviews from different countries show that the difference between the calculated and measured energy use of the building, often known as “energy performance gap”, can be as high as 100-200%. Knowing the size of the building energy performance gap, if it exists, along with its underlying causes will enable professionals to make more informed assumptions and produce better predictions. As
The persistent Energy Performance Gap (EPG) in buildings poses a major obstacle to achieving predicted energy savings and sustainability targets. This study provides a comprehensive review of EPG root causes and mitigation strategies across the building life cycle, encompassing the design, construction, and operation phases. Technical and soft mitigation measures were synthesized, including smart
Leaf-cutting ants combine large-scale herbivory with fungus farming to sustain advanced societies. Their stratified colonies are major evolutionary achievements and serious agricultural pests, but the crucial adaptations that allowed this mutualism to become the prime herbivorous component of neotropical ecosystems has remained elusive. Here we show how coevolutionary adaptation of a specific enzy
To investigate gaze behavior during communication between children with hearing impairment (HI) and normal-hearing (NH) peers.
Some political parties employ clientelist practices to gain voter support. Yet as more citizens now vote from abroad, little is known about parties engaging in clientelism domestically versus transnationally. We propose parties adopt either a replication or differentiation approach, meaning they apply similar or different campaigning strategies abroad. Using a large-N sample of voter turnout in So
High-efficiency single-photon detection in the microwave domain is a key enabling technology for various quantum applications. However, the extremely low energy of microwave photons presents a fundamental challenge, preventing direct photon-to-charge conversion as achieved in optical systems using semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate continuous microwave photon detection with an efficiency approac
In their studies of collective exploitation of common-pool resources, Ostrom and other scholars have stressed the importance of sanctioning as an essential method for preventing overuse and, eventually, the collapse of commons. However, most of the available evidence is based on data covering a relatively small period in history, and thus does not inform us about the evolution of rules, including
Innovation är en kraft som står bakom förändringen i vår vardag. Till exempel att prata med någon på andra sidan jordklotet med en mobil eller beställa dina matvaror eller skor på din smarta mobil. Det var otänkbart för mindre än 40 år sedan. Vi vill naturligtvis att innovationer i vårt samhälle ska fortsätta förbättra våra liv. Men innovationsverksamhet och att generera nya produkter, tjänster, aInnovation measurement and metrics have fascinated scholars from several disciplines over the last decade. Allthese diverse contributions, however, have resulted in a current state of knowledge that is signified by largenumbers of articles without clear integration and synthesis. Therefore, this thesis aims to increase thetheoretical, empirical, and practical understanding of innovation measuremen
Besides reducing fuel demands and indoor air pollution, pyrolytic cooking stoves produce a by-product (biochar) that can improve soil fertility and serve as a sink for carbon sequestration. Most smallholder farmers in Africa depend on wood for fuel, suffer from exposure to smoke and soils in their cultivated farms are deteriorating. Biochar (bio-charcoal) production has potentials to reduce energy
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the dominant biogenic sulfur compound in the ambient marine atmosphere. Low-volatility acids from DMS oxidation promote the formation and growth of sulfur aerosols and ultimately alter cloud properties and Earth's climate. We studied the OH-initiated oxidation of DMS in the Aarhus University Research on Aerosol (AURA) smog chamber and the marine boundary layer (MBL) with
Den 5 februari 2016 införde Danmark den beryktade ”smyckeslagen” som bemyndigar den danska polisen att beslagta asylsökandens och andra utlänningars egendom för att täcka kostnader för deras försörjning, logi och hälsovård. Redan som lagförslag fick regleringen hård kritik och många menade att den kan stå i strid med egendomsskyddet i artikel 1 i tilläggsprotokoll 1 i europakonventionen om de mänsOn the 5th of February 2016, an act entered into force in Denmark that give the Police the right to confiscate asylum seekers’ and other aliens’ property in order to use them to cover costs that the authorities might have for their accommodation, health care and other living-costs. Before the act had formally passed, it was subjected to extensive critique. Some critics pointed out that the new leg
This essay explores the refugee’s access to human rights in regard to the case of Hirsi Jamaa and others v. Italy. The status of refugee, official or not, entails certain rights and state obligation, but the correlation between refugee rights and human rights is problematic. The analysis of the case parties’ arguments for and against violation of relevant articles of the European Convention for th
Over the past few decades, significant social and economic transformations had a relevant correspondence in processes of territorial complexification, urban fragmentation and spatial injustice. Literature and research shows that these processes have also a very important temporal dimension, associated to a transition from an industrial society of synchronized rhythms to more heterogeneous everyday
Sustainable supply chain design can be performed using optimisation strategies for minimising environmental impacts while maximising profit. It is not clear how such strategies influence the resilience of a supply chain – its ability to handle disturbances without compromising its function. This research used the ecosystem network analysis (ENA) to evaluate the resilience during the design of a su
Objective: The pathogenesis and clinical significance of true umbilical cord knots remain controversial. Here, we tested the hypothesis of the presence of congenital oral mucosal changes in newborns with true umbilical cord knots. Study design: Seven consecutive infants with true umbilical cord knots and 50 gestational age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. The proportion of oral frenulum ab
Objective: To evaluate the effects of eccentric isokinetic training on knee range of motion (ROM) of healthy subjects. Methods: The knee extensor and flexor isokinetic peak torques and ROM of flexion/extension and varus/valgus knee movements during gait of 18 healthy men (21.7 +/- 2.2 years; 1.73 +/- 0.10m; 68.7 +/- 9.4kg; body mass index: 22.6 +/- 2 kg/m(2)) were analyzed, before and after six we
After 50 years the Alliance for Progress was launched, the policies for territorial planning in Latin America have proved to fail. The WB and the IADB, instruments of the US international politics for the consolidation of its global and regional hegemony, are its main financial and doctrinaire sources. These agencies’ logics prevail in the general and territorial planning. In the aftermath of the
Double-sided three-dimensional porous silicon chips, 6 mm x 6 mm, covered with a 40 nm gold (nano)layer, were fabricated from a porous silicon wafer. Scanning electron microscopy along with electrochemical characterisation showed sample conductivity, mechanical stability, and high surface area of the thus fabricated devices, viz. 10 times higher electrochemically active surface area compared to th
We report results from a large-scale nutrient fertilization experiment along a "megadiverse" (154 unique species were included in the study) 3,000-m elevation transect in the Peruvian Andes and adjacent lowland Amazonia. Our objectives were to test if nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation shift along this elevation gradient, and to determine how an alleviation of nutrient limitation would man
