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Detailed simulations for terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on two-well designs are presented. We reproduce the maximal operation temperatures observed and attribute the degradation with temperature to the occupation of parasitic levels and thermal backfilling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the current injection can be conveniently studied by using states, which combine energy selectivity a
BackgroundHigh gluten intake is associated with increased risk of celiac disease (CD) in children at genetic risk.ObjectivesTo investigate if different dietary gluten sources up to age two years confer different risks of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and CD in children at genetic risk.DesignThree-day food records were collected at age six, nine, 12, 18 and 24 months from 2088 Swedish genetical
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have the potential to improve risk stratification. Joint estimation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) effects in models could improve predictive performance over standard approaches of PRS construction. Here, we implemented computationally efficient, penalized, logistic regression models (lasso, elastic net, stepwise) to individ
We discuss how coherent driving of a two-level quantum system can be used to induce a complex phase on the ground state and we discuss its geometric and dynamic contributions. While the global phase of a wave function has no physical significance, the coherent dynamics in a two-level subspace provides relative phases and is an essential building block for more advanced dynamics in larger systems.
The application of dynamic light scattering to soft matter systems has strongly profited from advanced approaches such as the so-called modulated 3D cross correlation technique (Mod3D-DLS) that suppress contributions from multiple scattering, and can therefore be used for the characterization of turbid samples. Here we now extend the possibilities of this technique to allow for depolarized light s
Many surface science experiments within heterogeneous catalysis are now conducted in realistic conditions at higher pressures. At these pressures, localized gas conditions will form throughout the reactor. Understanding these gas conditions and their interaction with the catalyst surface at relevant time scales and with spatial resolution is important. To address this issue, we use a combination o
The impact of pilot flame operation on the combustion of pure methane and hydrogen-enriched methane (H2/CH4: 50/50 in vol%) fuels was investigated in a gas turbine model combustor under atmospheric conditions. The burner assembly was designed to mimic the geometry of an industrial burner, the Siemens DLE Burner, in which a concentric annular ring equipped with pilot flame burners is implemented in
Elite Para athletes report a high incidence of sports injuries, illnesses and other health issues. Despite this, there are few prevention programmes in Para sport, and many of the existing prevention programmes are not adapted to Para athletes. To improve the success of preventive measures, it has been suggested that sports safety work should facilitate health promotion, including athlete health e
An individual's phenotype can be altered by direct contact with its present environment but also by environmental features experienced by previous generations, that is, parental or grandparental effects. However, the strength and direction of these transgenerational effects may be highly variable according to the ecological conditions experienced by ancestral generations. Here, we performed a reci
This narrative review describes a new approach to navigation in a challenging landscape of clinical drug development in diabetes. Successful outcome studies in recent years have led to new indications and guidelines in type 2 diabetes, yet the number of clinical trials in diabetes is now declining. This is due to many environmental factors acting in concert, including the prioritisation of funding
Background: Short-term trials conducted in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showed that reducing sedentary behaviour by performing regular short bouts of light-intensity physical activity enhances health. Moreover, support for reducing sedentary behaviour may be provided at a low cost via mobile health technology (mHealth). There are a wide range of mHealth solutions available including
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition in which genetic and environmental factors interact to contribute to its etiology. Remarkable progress has been made in deciphering disease etiology through genetic approaches, but there is limited data about how environmental and genetic factors interact to modify penetrance, risk, and disease severity. Here, we provide insights in
Enzalutamide is a second-generation anti-androgen which has shown increased survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, some patients do not respond to this therapy or will develop resistance to treatment over time. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is known to be involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer and to interact with androgen receptor (AR
Realization of stable spin states in surface-supported magnetic molecules is crucial for their applications in molecular spintronics, memory storage or quantum information processing. In this work, we studied the surface magnetism of dimetallo-azafullerene Tb2@C79N, showing a broad magnetic hysteresis in a bulk form. Surprisingly, monolayers of Tb2@C79N exhibited a completely different behavior, w
We know little about how genetic risk factors for two disorders jointly act and interact in predisposing to illness. Therefore, in the Swedish population, born 1970–1990 (n = 2,116,082) and followed through 2015, we examine, using additive Cox models, the impact of the family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and major depression (MD), their interaction with each other and
We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 ×
Objectives: To examine potential sex differences in longitudinal cognitive and activities of daily living (ADL) performance and life expectancy between early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: The Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study is a prospective, observational, multicentre study that was used in a routine clinical setting including 1,017 patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate A
We present a compact, few-cycle, short-wave infrared light source delivering 13 μJ, carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stable pulses around 2 μm, operating at 200 kHz repetition rate. Starting from an ytterbium fiber amplifier, the seed is produced via white-light generation followed by difference frequency generation, and later amplified in two BiBO nonlinear crystals. A pulse duration of 15.8 fs is me
