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Doctoral education in medicine, engineering, technology and science (METS) is in many ways different from doctoral education in the humanities or social sciences. In the METS disciplines, typically, students and supervisors work and publish together within the supervisors’ research projects. The projects are usually financed by the supervisors’ research grants and their success, in terms of high q

In a world where innovative solutions can emerge from anyone, anywhere at any time, it has become imperative for companies to learn how to take advantage of this widespread abundance of knowledge. One way, through which organizations can access this external expertise, is by hosting online communities that facilitates interactions with external stakeholders. The master’s thesis conducted by Brandt

Upphovsrätter ger upphov till både ekonomiska och ideella rättigheter. Den ideella rätten bygger på en tanke om att upphovsmän har ett starkt personligt intresse och en koppling till sina verk. Samma tanke ligger bakom det överlåtelseförbud som finns i 28 § lag (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk (URL). Förbudet gör det otillåtet för en förvärvare av en upphovsrätt att öCopyright is composed of two rights, the economic and moral rights. The moral rights are built on the thoughts that the creator of the copyright has a strong personal interest and a connection to its creation. It is the same thoughts that are behind the transfer prohibition in 28 § lag (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk (URL). The prohibition makes it illicit for the as

Globalization and the deregulation of currencies have had a negative impact on the domestic tax systems of states and the tax bases on which these rely. Tax policies of sovereign states have, historically, been the means of maintaining a high standard of public services why reduced tax bases could arguably be a threat to the welfare state. The proliferation of tax havens and increased use of tax d

Kommunernas uppdrag är omfattande, samtidigt som många kommuner har det tufft ekonomiskt. Skolor ska drivas, vård och omsorg skötas, avfall hämtas och gator asfalteras, och mycket mer därtill. Att klimatfrågan kan hamna längre ner på dagordningen är därför föga förvånande. Samtidigt kan, och behöver, en del av växthusgasutsläppen hanteras på just lokal nivå. En strategi för att öka klimatfrågans gA growing research field shows that climate mitigation measures can entail numerous co-benefits for other policy areas, including improved air quality, enhanced energy security and reduced maintenance costs. One possible strategy for enhancing climate action can be to emphasize these co-benefits. However, research has shown that co-benefits are seldom included when climate mitigation measures are

The labor market for IT-oriented professions, especially software engineers, is characterized by extensive skills gaps due to fast-evolving technology. The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the work toward closing the skills gap in IT-oriented professions, especially for software engineers, by providing suggestions on how the workforce can be prepared with the skills needed for tomorrow -

Sedan 1970-talet har klimatförändringen och dess konsekvenser uppmärksammats i ett juridiskt och politiskt sammanhang på en nationell, regional och internationell nivå. Klimaträttsfrågan har utvecklats från att ha behandlats som en miljörättslig angelägenhet till ett hot som överskrider territoriella gränser för att slutligen uppmärksammas som en mänsklig rättighetsfråga. Den centrala frågan, i etThe climate change and it´s consequences have since the 1970s received attention in a legal and political context at a national, regional and international level. The issue of climate change law has evolved from being treated as an environmental law issue to a threat that transcends territorial boundaries, to lastly being brought to attention as a human rights issue. The key issue, in a field of a

2018 infördes det andra betaltjänstdirektivet, PSD2. Direktivet har till syfte att skapa en harmoniserad och öppen betaltjänstmarknad, samt att stärka konsumentens roll på marknaden. I och med PSD2 utvidgades begreppet betaltjänst och omfattar nu betalningsinitieringstjänster och kontoinformationstjänster, samt leverantörer av dessa betaltjänster, så kallade tredjepartsleverantörer. Med PSD2 kom oIn 2018 the new payment service directive, PSD2, was implemented within the EU. The goals of the directive is to harmonize the payment service market and to strengthen the consumers role on the market. In the directive the definition of a payment service is extended to include two new types of services; Account Information Services and Payment Initiation Services, as well as the providers of these

With a far going protection of IP rights, the EU aims to protect the assets of companies which invested in innovative products. If the EU framework provides a far going mechanism of protection of IP rights, the complexity and the cost of this mechanism have been a barrier to the access of IP rights. In additional to these structural issues, the digital revolution introduced new challenges for the

This thesis aims at investigating the interaction between thermal gradients and acoustic fields in microfluidic devices. In the research branch of Acoustofluidics, which bridges together acoustics and fluid dynamics, inhomogeneity in the medium has gained great interest due to the novel physics behind and the potential in manipulating submicrometer particles. Concentration gradients of solute mole

For someone who has undergone an amputation, it is important to be able to decide what the prosthesis should look like. Since many people today choose to have some sort of cover on their prosthesis, either to fill the void or to regain the feeling of a leg, it is very important that it is something that the user feels comfortable with. To go through an amputation is often a very shocking event

As a country with a high proportion of population and land area in the world, China is in a stage of changing its economic development direction, from the previous extensive economic growth to the intensive economic growth. At the same time, due to the limited total amount of resources and limited environmental bearing capacity on the earth, certain constraints are found in terms of amount and str

Zooarchaeological studies have played a crucial role in understanding the pre-historic societies of Scania. The analysis of animal remains from archaeological sites has provided insights into the subsistence strategies, economic practices, and cultural beliefs of the people who lived in the region. Remains from horse, dog, wild boar, and man are commonly observed in offering and burial contexts. D

The detailed use of Building Performance Simulation (BPS) tools to estimate the energy use and encourage energy savings solutions is vital in mitigating the energy use for buildings and the production of this energy. Furthermore, the design of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly buildings involves a collaborative effort among professionals in the Architecture, Engineering, and Constructi

This thesis has the aim to provide a framework for analyzing X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data obtained from German Electron-Synchrotron Group (DESY). The theoretical analysis shows that XRF competes with Auger emission, and works mainly for elements with high atomic number. Here, incident X-rays of 13.7 keV, generated by the synchrotron radiation, impinges the material, and fluorescent X-ray spectra

This thesis presents the design and implementation of a Geographic Information System (GIS) for the Naoussa Municipality Water and Sewer Company for better water utility management. The methodology contained field data collection like the valves, sewer manholes, hydrometers, and hydrants in two ways, UAV photogrammetry, and traditional surveying, the georeferencing process, photogrammetric proces

I våldtäktsmål saknas ofta bevisning utöver målsägandens utsaga. Bevisvärdet av denna utsaga kan därmed vara avgörande för huruvida beviskravet anses uppfyllt. För denna bedömning har Högsta domstolen föreslagit ett antal kriterier som kan vara behjälpliga. Samtidigt gäller principen om fri bevisvärdering, vilket innebär att underrätterna inte är bundna av HD:s uttalanden i dessa frågor. Vid bedömIn rape cases, the evidence often consists exclusively of the injured party’s testimony. The evidentiary value of this testimony can therefore be crucial in determining whether the evidentiary requirement is met. The Swedish Supreme Court has suggested several criteria for this assessment. However, according to Swedish law, the evaluation of evidence is free, meaning that courts are not bound by t

Sammanfattning Uppsatsen behandlar den under senare tiden hett debatterade frågan om huruvida koranbränningarna utgör hets mot folkgrupp eller om de ska tillåtas med hänvisning till den grundlagsskyddade yttrandefriheten. Uppsatsen tar sin utgångspunkt i den rättsdogmatiska metoden, vilket innebär att rättskällor såsom lagtext, förarbeten och praxis har studerats och analyserats. FrågeställningarnSummary This essay addresses the question of whether the action of burning the Quran is an incitement to racial hatred or if it should be permitted in consideration to the constitutional right of freedom of expression. The essay uses the legal dogmatic method, which means that legal sources such as legal text, preparatory works and case law have been studied and analyzed. The research questions an

Rättvisa skall skipas och brott skall förebyggas. Tonvikten mellan dessa begrepp har dock varierat. På mitten av 1900-talet skedde en straffreform i Sverige vilken innebar att skälen till straffrättens existensberättigande skrevs om. Moralisk ansvarsförmåga utrangerades, delvis på grund av överväganden om fri vilja. Klandrande vedergällning ansågs därmed som undanträngd till förmån för prevention.Justice must be administered, and crime prevented, but what is more important? The mid-20th century, Swedish penal law underwent a reform, which entailed a rewriting of its motivations where moral culpability became obso-lete, partly, due to philosophical considerations of free will. Retribution-based blame gave way to motives regarding prevention. However, recent revisions see a resurgence of ret