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Understanding the molecular details of bioenergetic processes is fundamentally important. Defects in the mitochondrial energy metabolism can lead to untimely apoptosis and thus cause serious degenerative human diseases. Other defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism can have the reverse effect and cause cell immortality and also contribute to and high metastatic potential of tumor cells. Knowi

To be able to predict the strength of climate change and its consequences for mankind, it is of major importance to understand the contemporary greenhouse gas exchange of the terrestrial biosphere, as well as its response to changes in climate. To achieve such understanding both descriptive studies and manipulation experiments are required. Northern peatlands represent an important ecosystem type

Background: Surgical sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is routinely used to reliably stage axillary lymph nodes in early breast cancer (BC). However, SLNB may be associated with postoperative arm morbidities. For most patients with BC undergoing SLNB, the findings are benign, and the procedure is currently questioned. A decision-support tool for the prediction of benign sentinel lymph nodes based

The coastal zone is a dynamic region where the sea meets land, making it highly influenced by environmental conditions such as storm surges, extreme weather events, and coastal erosion. Coastal areas are also characterized by high population densities, significant urban development, and important socio-economic functions such as transportation, trade, tourism and recreation. Consequently, they are

Land cover governs the biogeophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks between the land surface and atmosphere. Holocene vegetation-atmosphere interactions are of particular interest, both to understand the climate effects of intensifying human land use and as a possible explanation for the Holocene temperature conundrum, a widely studied mismatch between simulated and reconstructed temperatures. Prog

Popular Abstract in Swedish Blodparasiter och blåmesar - en studie i rött och blått Alla har någon gång varit utsatta för parasiter. Man kan nog till och med vara säker på, att just i den stund du läser detta, finn's det någonstan's någon form av parasit som försöker attackera dig. I dom allra flesta fall misslycka's sådana försök tack vare ett mycket starkt och mångfacetterat försvar. Förutom de

Popular Abstract in Swedish Etanol, dvs vanlig alkohol, från biomassa såsom energiskog, jordbruksavfallsrester och skogsavverkningsrester, är tänkt att användas som motorbränsle och ersätta fossila bränslen som bensin och diesel. Etanol är dyrare än bensin, men etanol är ett mera miljövänligt alternativ. Koldioxiden som bildas vid förbränningen av etanol tillverkad av biomassa ökar ej den totala kThe fermentative performance of bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi was investigated in a pentose (xylose)-rich lignocellulosic hydrolyzate. The filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum and the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis were found to be very sensitive to the inhibiting hydrolyzate. Recombinant xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed very poor ethanol formation from xylose;

This thesis describes novel molecular host-parasite interactions with potential significance for the understanding of pathological processes manifested with bacterial infections. Bacterial surface proteins and virulence determinants are shown to mediate the accumulation at the surface of the pathogen of key components of the fibrinolytic and contact phase systems. Plasmin(ogen) binding surface pr

Popular Abstract in Swedish I stort sett alla finrötter hos gran och många andra trädslag är koloniserade av ektomykorrhizasvampar (EM-svampar). Dessa lever i symbios med granen och utbyter mineralnäringsämnen mot sockerarter, som värdträdet bildat i fotosyntesen. EM-svamparna har visats överföra kalcium, kalium, kväve, magnesium och fosfor till sina värdträd. Den svenska skogen ingår i det boreaA method based on ingrowth mesh bags was developed to study the production of EMM. These bags were made of nylon mesh with a mesh size of 50 mu-m, which allows colonisation by fungal mycelia but excludes the tree roots. Using this method, the production of EMM was estimated in forest stands subjected to whole-tree harvesting (WTH) and in forest stands with different nutrient status regarding potas

Popular Abstract in Swedish Stora framsteg har gjort det möjligt att, med dagens teknik, inte bara visualisera enskilda atomer, utan även utföra olika typer av operationer och manipulationer på atomskalan med stor precision rent experimentellt. Detta har möjliggjort tillverkning av komplexa nanostrukturer genom montering av komponenter av nanostorlek till större sammansatta system, vilket i sin tuNanowires constitute one of the fundamental building blocks in assembled nanodevices. Due to the high surface to volume ratio, the fraction of surface atoms is not negligible for nanosized elements. Because of the reduced coordination of surface atoms, the physical properties deviate from those of the bulk, which influences the overall physical properties of nanostructures. Consequently, this prov

The aim was to elucidate the cardiovascular response associated with breath-hold diving, especially the effects of temperature in its elicitation and the effects of different types of training on the human diving response (DR) and breath-holding time (BHT), and to evaluate the human DR in a mammalian perspective. A model for simulated diving by apnea and facial immersion in cold water was develope

A lack of empathy, and particularly its affective components, is a core symptom of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Visual exposure to images of a needle pricking a hand (pain condition) and Q-tips touching a hand (control condition) is an established functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm used to investigate empathy for pain (EFP; pain condition minus control co