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Arsenic is an element and has a natural part in the earth with a content of 1,5-2,0 mg/kg in the earth crust. Arsenic occurs naturally in the bedrock and the Swedish bedrock contains anything from 1,0-40 mg/kg. Arsenic is more poisonous in its inorganic form than in its organic. The two most common types of inorganic arsenic are arsenite and arsenate. Arsenite (AsIII) is the most acute poisonous

Migrant women facing domestic violence in the Council of Europe have been traditionally characterised, except in some national countries, as not having any legal possibility to leave the situation with proper resources, or being able to guarantee their stay in the country they are living. Since the approval of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and

Ett viktigt syfte inom EU är ökad konkurrens på den Europeiska marknaden och för att målet ska uppnås föreslog den Europeiska Kommissionen ett Direktiv som reglerar uppköpserbjudanden vilket skulle bidra till förenklade förvärv av företag på den gemensamma marknaden. Företagsförvärv innebär huvudsakligen att ett företag köper aktier av ett annat företag vilket även ibland kan leda till övertagandeOne of the main purposes in EU is increased competiveness on the European market and to achieve the goal; the European Commission made a proposal of a Directive on Takeover Bids which would facilitate the takeover activity in EU. Takeover activities essentially signify when a company purchases shares in another company which occasionally also leads to a takeover of the control of the target compan

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Biologisk mångfald innebär variationsrikedom bland alla levande organismer i alla miljöer, på land som i vatten. Utveckling av snabba noggranna metoder för övervakning av landskap och biologisk mångfald är därför av hög prioritet i Sverige och resten av Europa. På grund av landskapsanalysens komplexitet, har ett behov av att kvantifiera landskapets ekologiska egA need to develop methods for quantifying the landscape in means of improving the monitoring of the biological diversity has become more necessary in recent years. Landscape indices are one way of quantifying the landscape. The method gives an opportunity to treat data statistically and to compare the patterns on different scales. The aim of the paper is to evaluate two indices, a shape index and

Arbetet är utfört åt skogsforskningsstationen Mógilsá som ligger strax norr om Reykjavik. Forskningen inom Mógilsá bedrivs inom delar av eller för hela Island med inriktning inom exempelvis dendrokronologi, proveniensförsök, och studier av insekter. Sedan 1900-talets början har inplantering av exotiska trädarter blivit allt vanligare och i en allt större skala. Syften med inplanteringen är bland aThis study was made in an attempt to give the forest research centre Mógilsá a produced tetratherm map and a better understanding of how topography and temperature influence the growth of two tree species. The digital tetratherm map model, covering the northern part of Iceland, was developed to investigate the correlation between tetratherm and the growth of Picea sitchensis and Larix (sukaczewii

Tourism is an industry with considerable environmental and social impacts; in order to stimulate reduction of these impacts, voluntary recognition schemes i.e. ecolabels and certification programmes have been introduced to motivate tourism businesses to improve their environmental performance, encourage more sustainable practices and patterns in this branch of economy, provide information to touri

This paper seeks to assess the legality of multiple convictions of different offences based on the same set of facts at the International Criminal Court, in particular genocide and persecution as a crime against humanity. The situations in which these crimes ordinarily take place are such that one is rarely dealing with a single offence, but a multitude of offences. The events that took place duri

Considering the urgency in uniformity and harmonization of existing law relating to carriage of goods by sea, the Comité Maritime International (CMI) initiated a joint project with UNCITRAL to achieve more uniformity and to replace the Hague, Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules which are outdated by now and cannot fully satisfy the needs of modern multimodal transport. The result of this joint project b

Det digitala samhällets utmaningar för EU:s upphovsrättsliga system är många. Med syftet att implementera WIPO:s internettraktater från 1996, samt att horisontellt harmonisera regelverket för upphovsrätt och närliggande rättigheter, antog EU år 2001 det mycket kritiserade InfoSoc-direktivet. Dess mest kontroversiella delar rör upphovsrättsundantagen samt det specifika skyddet som ges till tekniskaThe challenges of the digital networked environment to the EU copyright system are many. With the task of implementing the 1996 WIPO Internet Treaties while at the same time horizontally harmonizing the legal framework on copyright and related rights, the EU in 2001 adopted the much-criticized InfoSoc Directive. Its most controversial provisions were on copyright exceptions and the specific protec

LSS stadgar rätten till insatser för vissa personer med funktionsnedsättning. Den enskilde ska genom insatserna få möjlighet att kunna leva som andra och tillförsäkras goda levnadsvillkor. En av dessa insatser är personlig assistans som innebär ett personligt utformat stöd för personer med stora och varaktiga funktionshinder. Bedömningen av rätten till insatsen är baserad på tid som fattningen av The Act on Support and Service for Person with Certain Functional Impairments (hereafter LSS) is an entitlement law. Individuals that meet the criteria specified by the act are entitled to measures pursuant to LSS. The measures pursuant to LSS shall guarantee good living conditions and the objective of LSS is to give the individual the opportunity to live like others. One of these measures pursuan

I Sverige kan en person vara obegränsat eller begränsat skattskyldig. Skatt-skyldigheten regleras i Inkomstskattelag (1999:1229) och avgör vilka in-komster som ska beskattas i Sverige. Av 3 kap. 8 § IL följer att en person som är obegränsat skattskyldig i Sverige ska betala skatt här för alla sina inkomster, oavsett om dessa härrör från Sverige eller utlandet. En person som är begränsat skattskyldIn Sweden, an individual may be subject to either unlimited or limited tax liability. Tax liability is governed by the Income Tax Act (1999:1229), which determines which types of income are taxable in Sweden. According to Chapter 3, Section 8 of the Income Tax Act, a person with unlimited tax liability in Sweden is liable to pay tax on all income, regardless of whether it originates in Sweden or a

The global shift in the food system towards more sustainable diets has made legumes such as chickpeas, lentils and beans increasingly important due to their nutritional and environmental benefits. But despite these benefits that they offer, their consumption remains relatively low. A key reason for this, is the digestive discomfort they cause such as bloating and flatulence alongside reduced miner

I takt med ökningen av internetrelaterade upphovsrättsintrång i form av olov-lig fildelning på internet har blockeringsförelägganden mot internetleverantö-rer fått en alltmer central roll som åtgärd. För att förhindra att blockeringsföre-lägganden kringgås av intrångsgörarna har utfärdandet av dynamiska blocke-ringsförelägganden blivit en vanligare åtgärd bland EU:s medlemsländer, in-begripet SverWith the rise of internet-related copyright infringements through unlawful file sharing online, blocking injunctions against internet service providers have taken on an increasingly central role as a measure. To prevent blocking injec-tions from being circumvented by the infringers, the issuance of dynamic blocking injunctions has become a more common measure among EU Mem-ber States, including Swe

Stellar lithium abundances can help answer multiple unanswered questions within modern astrophysics. Lithium is fragile in comparison to other elements found in stellar atmospheres. Consequently, its abundance within the stellar atmosphere is depleted by different processes. Studying these lithium abundances gives insight into the evolution of the stars and the processes within their interiors. Th

The global demand for sustainable, plant-based food systems has increased significantly over the past decade and is projected to continue rising. Andean seeds are interesting contributors, not only for their high nutritional value but also for their ability to grow naturally in very harsh conditions. Among these Andean seeds, four have gained interest due to their nutritional value and potential i

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: AB Klippans Läderfabrik var under sina verksamma år en av de största arbetsgivarna i området. Ett flertal giftiga ämnen användes i verksamheten, främst krom men även formalin och under en kort period arsenik. Fabrikstomten kom med tiden att förorenas. Stora delar av fabriken brann ned år 1917 och röken från branden sträckte sig in över ett intilliggande villaomrDuring environmental investigations at the polluted Klippan Leather Factory, elevated levels of arsenic were detected in the adjacent residential area. The arsenic is believed to have originated from a fire in the leather factory in 1917, when a plume of smoke covered the residential area and deposited arsenic as fallout. Investigations showed that the pollution was located in the topsoil, and dur

With near stagnant growth in most mature car markets, much of the attention of the world´s car industry has during recent years turned to China. The Chinese car market represents an important business opportunity for OEMs and dealers who want to keep growing and making profits. Initially, the focus of OEMs was mainly on setting up new dealerships, often giving processes and technology lower priori

I dagens samhälle står ungdomarna inför flera problem i deras liv. För att handskas med dessa väljer ungdomarna olika sätt. Vid vissa tillfällen kan detta leda till att ungdomarna begår oönskade handlingar ur samhällets synpunkt. Genom att söka sig till gäng och därigenom leta efter svar på de problem som de ställs inför leds många ungdomar in i ett asocialt leverne. För att förhindra våra ungdomaIn today's society young people are faced with several problems in their lives. Young people choose different ways to deal with these. At times this can lead to young people committing undesirable actions from the society's point of view. By seeking to gangs and thus looking for the answers to the problems they faced led many young people into an anti-social lifestyle. In order to prevent

Economic sanctions are defined as the exercise of pressure by one state to bring about a change in political behaviour of another state. Traditional economic sanctions are directed at the entire population of the sanctioned country while targeted sanctions are directed at the State’s government and/or individuals. Iran has become a sanction target first in 1979, which was imposed by United States

The main obligation under Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) is the obligation of registration. The company responsible for import and manufacture, as well as an only representative are registrants. To carry out the registration obligation means t