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Considering the urgency in uniformity and harmonization of existing law relating to carriage of goods by sea, the Comité Maritime International (CMI) initiated a joint project with UNCITRAL to achieve more uniformity and to replace the Hague, Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules which are outdated by now and cannot fully satisfy the needs of modern multimodal transport. The result of this joint project b
Det digitala samhällets utmaningar för EU:s upphovsrättsliga system är många. Med syftet att implementera WIPO:s internettraktater från 1996, samt att horisontellt harmonisera regelverket för upphovsrätt och närliggande rättigheter, antog EU år 2001 det mycket kritiserade InfoSoc-direktivet. Dess mest kontroversiella delar rör upphovsrättsundantagen samt det specifika skyddet som ges till tekniskaThe challenges of the digital networked environment to the EU copyright system are many. With the task of implementing the 1996 WIPO Internet Treaties while at the same time horizontally harmonizing the legal framework on copyright and related rights, the EU in 2001 adopted the much-criticized InfoSoc Directive. Its most controversial provisions were on copyright exceptions and the specific protec
In the early years of EC merger control, the Commission generally concluded that conglomerate mergers would not cause competitive harm. In recent years, however, the Commission has increasingly developed theories of competitive harm which are applicable to mergers which lack appreciable horizontal and vertical effects. The leveraging theory is typically applied in conglomerate mergers, where the m
Abstract Authors: Helena Håkansson & Maria Bergman Title: Spirituality, fellowship and change of way to perceive reality The twelve-step philosophy is regularly occurring both as a common way of treatment and within self-help groups. Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous as well as several other self-help groups are only a few examples of several organizations who´s foundations are base
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding for if, and how, different views on efficiency and effectiveness characterized the organisation of the eye clinic in the SUS hospital merger. What presumptions operative efficiencies affected hospital management’s merger decision? What were the expected benefits and what kind of organisational structure would help to achieve these
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: AB Klippans Läderfabrik var under sina verksamma år en av de största arbetsgivarna i området. Ett flertal giftiga ämnen användes i verksamheten, främst krom men även formalin och under en kort period arsenik. Fabrikstomten kom med tiden att förorenas. Stora delar av fabriken brann ned år 1917 och röken från branden sträckte sig in över ett intilliggande villaomrDuring environmental investigations at the polluted Klippan Leather Factory, elevated levels of arsenic were detected in the adjacent residential area. The arsenic is believed to have originated from a fire in the leather factory in 1917, when a plume of smoke covered the residential area and deposited arsenic as fallout. Investigations showed that the pollution was located in the topsoil, and dur
With near stagnant growth in most mature car markets, much of the attention of the world´s car industry has during recent years turned to China. The Chinese car market represents an important business opportunity for OEMs and dealers who want to keep growing and making profits. Initially, the focus of OEMs was mainly on setting up new dealerships, often giving processes and technology lower priori
I dagens samhälle står ungdomarna inför flera problem i deras liv. För att handskas med dessa väljer ungdomarna olika sätt. Vid vissa tillfällen kan detta leda till att ungdomarna begår oönskade handlingar ur samhällets synpunkt. Genom att söka sig till gäng och därigenom leta efter svar på de problem som de ställs inför leds många ungdomar in i ett asocialt leverne. För att förhindra våra ungdomaIn today's society young people are faced with several problems in their lives. Young people choose different ways to deal with these. At times this can lead to young people committing undesirable actions from the society's point of view. By seeking to gangs and thus looking for the answers to the problems they faced led many young people into an anti-social lifestyle. In order to prevent
Economic sanctions are defined as the exercise of pressure by one state to bring about a change in political behaviour of another state. Traditional economic sanctions are directed at the entire population of the sanctioned country while targeted sanctions are directed at the State’s government and/or individuals. Iran has become a sanction target first in 1979, which was imposed by United States
Background: Although omic-based discovery approaches can provide powerful tools for biomarker identification, several reservations have been raised regarding the clinical applicability of gene expression studies, such as their prohibitive cost. However, the limited availability of antibodies is a key barrier to the development of a lower cost alternative, namely a discrete collection of immunohist
This licentiate thesis investigates fiction writing and reading in up- per secondary school in Sweden. Inspired by fanfiction I created a teaching project of derivative writing in which the students in a se- cond-year social science class wrote short stories derived from 20th century novels. They also gave peer response, both orally and in writing. Finally they wrote a reflective text about the pr
Recommendations stated in the TASC II guidelines for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) regard a heterogeneous group of patients ranging from claudicants to critical limb ischaemia (CLI) patients. However, specific considerations apply to CLI patients. An important problem regarding the majority of currently available literature that reports on revascularisation strategies for PAD
Popular Abstract in Swedish Resenärsinformation utformad för att uppfylla behov och förväntningar hos enskilda resenärer är viktigt för att förbättra resandet i kollektivtrafiken bland äldre personer och personer med funktionsnedsättningar. Det övergripande syftet med den här avhandlingen är att bidra till kunskapen om behov och användning av resenärsinformation bland äldre personer och personer mTraveller information designed to fulfil needs and expectations of individual travellers is a key factor in improving access for older people and people with disabilities to public transport. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge of user and provider perspectives on the provision of traveller information for older people and people with disabilities in public transport w
The article demonstrates the rise and early development of a musical folklore culture in the Lithuanian SSR during the Stalin era. Following established Soviet practice, the regime immediately after annexation in 1940 made Lithuanian folklore into its political tool. The foundation of institutions like the State Song and Dance Ensemble and the House of Folk Arts imported the main elements of the S
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the guiding policy for agriculture and the largest single budget item in the European Union (EU). Agriculture is essential to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but the CAP's contribution to do so is uncertain. We analyzed the distribution of €59.4 billion of 2015 CAP payments and show that current CAP spending exacerbates income inequality withi
The use of readmission agreements and safe third country rules enable the allocation of protection responsibilities from EU member states to third countries. Due to the increased displacement of individuals from Syria and Afghanistan, these legal mechanisms have been of increased importance to the European Union asylum policy during the recent year. The purpose of this thesis is to examine to what
Den organiserade brottsligheten är ett ämne som ständigt är aktuellt och som ständigt diskuteras. Det är ett omfattande och problematiskt område, bland annat när det kommer till definitioner. Under senare år har stora resurser lagts ner på bekämpandet av denna brottslighet. Den organiserade brottsligheten sägs ständigt växa, trots betydande resurssatsningar, och frågan om hur denna brottslighet bäOrganised crime is a subject that is constantly current and constantly discussed. It is an extensive and problematic area, for example when it comes to definitions. In recent years, considerable resources have been spent on combating organised crime. Organised crime is said to constantly grow, despite considerable resource investments, and the question of how this type of crime is best fought, is
In the current reinforcement steel supply chain the information transmission is often done with 2D-documents. This practice prevails even when structural engineers create complete building information models containing all reinforced concrete. In some cases, the contractor uses the rebar drawings to once again create a 3D model, containing the rebar, to provide views for rebar workers to be used d
Under an action research paradigm, this thesis project explores the business potential of an environmental strategy and assesses the formulation of such a strategy implemented by an automotive original equipment manufacturer. Because of the heterogeneous nature of a company’s approach to environmental issues due to inter alia managerial conducts and company culture, this article provides an in-dep
I denna examensuppsats utreds möjliga åtgärder för att undanröja internationell dubbelbeskattning till följd av utflyttningsbeskattning av fysiska personers aktieinnehav. Internationell dubbelbeskattning innebär att samma person beskattas för samma inkomst i två olika stater. Utflyttningsskatt innebär att en stat beskattar en uppkommen värdeökning antingen direkt vid hemvistbytet (exitbeskattning)The purpose of this thesis is to study and analyze possible ways of eliminating international double taxation when individually owned shares have been subject to emigration taxation. International double taxation occurs when two states impose tax on the same taxpayer in respect of the same income. Moreover, exit taxation can be defined as taxation when the liability to tax for an accrued, but not
