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Scientific uncertainty is clearly a prominent hurdle in public health policy and the policy choices made to tackle this uncertainty are largely left to the Member States. Indeed, the Court of Justice of the EU has long since held that the health and the life of humans rank first among the interests that Member States can legitimately pursue - even if they restrict the market freedoms in doing so -

Debate over the future of international science takes place in light of two trends that are frequently interpreted as standing in tension with each other. The longer-term pattern shows that science is increasingly an international endeavour, as collaboration across borders has grown. A more recent apparent re-nationalisation of science, however, raises questions over the march of international sci

Drawing upon earlier studies of reforms and institutional changes in higher education, the purpose of this paper is to trace how the understanding of accountability has changed over the past twenty years and how it is understood to have impacted on higher education institutions. We do so by reviewing more than 350 papers and by asking three questions: Who answers to whom? For what are they answeri

During sexual conflict, males and females are expected to evolve traits and behaviours with a sexually antagonistic function. Recently, sexually antagonistic coevolution was proposed to occur between male and female diving beetles (Dytiscidae). Male diving beetles possess numerous suction cups on their forelegs whereas females commonly have rough structures on their elytra. These rough structures

Relational thinking has recently gained increasing prominence across academic disciplines in an attempt to understand complex phenomena in terms of constitutive processes and relations. Interdisciplinary fields of study, such as science and technology studies (STS), the environmental humanities, and the posthumanities, for example, have started to reformulate academic understanding of nature-cultu

Diabetes is a collection of diseases characterized by defective glucose homeostasis. Different diabetes types have different etiologies and their genetic architecture ranges from highly penetrant monogenetic diseases, such as MODY and neonatal diabetes, to polygenic diseases, such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes that are caused by numerous genetic variants adding up to the individual risk. While bot

The development of T-cell leukaemia following the otherwise successful treatment of three patients with X-linked severe combined immune deficiency (X-SCID) in gene-therapy trials using haematopoietic stem cells has led to a re-evaluation of this approach. Using a mouse model for gene therapy of X-SCID, we find that the corrective therapeutic gene IL2RG itself can act as a contributor to the genesi

Recent research has shed light on the various tradeoffs involved in carbon forestry, i.e. the pursuit of international forestry projects to help mitigate climate change. This article contributes to these debates by highlighting the importance of resource quality and degradation in evaluating project benefits and tradeoffs. Focusing on the case of an industrial tree plantation in Uganda, the Kachun

The transient-state kinetic consequences of the coupling of a single-enzyme reaction to other metabolic reactions have been examined in generalized terms. Analytical data are presented which specify under what conditions such coupling may lead to an oscillatory transient rate behaviour of a reaction system involving an enzyme operating by a Michaelian mechanism. The results indicate that the prese

Although the divergence over the last decades between Europe and USA has drawn much attention, the dispersion of rates of economic growth is even larger among the countries within Europe. There is reason to presume that the more successful among the European countries are those that have set more innovations into production. This paper exploits the correlation between innovation, as materialized i