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Palladium complexes containing abnormally bound C4-bound dicarbene ligands have been exploited for catalytic alkene hydrogenation. Comparison to normally C2-bound homologues indicates that the carbene bonding mode critically influences the catalytic activity. Good catalytic performance in the hydrogenation of cis-disubstituted olefins and non-isomerizable terminal olefins under mild conditions (RT
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most severe cancers and is predicted to rise up to the number two cancer killer by 2030. The ineffective treatment options available and that the cancer is silent until very late in its course are the main reasons for the poor outcome of the disease. Surgery is the only curative option but only available for 10-15 % of the patients, but even then many relapse due to
Credit Default Swaps (CDS) have been subject to criticism since the break out of the economic turmoil in 2008, triggered by a weak housing market in the USA and the default of the investment bank Lehman Brothers. This essay analyses the relationship between the variance in Swedish stock market and CDS market during 2004 - 2009. The results indicate a negative relationship between the movements in
Lipoproteins in blood play an important physiological role transporting cholesterol, lipids and lipid-soluble substances to the different organs of the body. Diseases such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and stroke are associated with defects in lipoprotein metabolism. For many years, intense research has focused on the role of cholesterol in development of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol
The etiology of SLE is multifactorial with an important genetic impact. Several genes involved in control of autoimmunity and inflammation appear to be important. Hereditary complement deficiency states are associated with increased risk of SLE, but contribute only marginally to the incidence of SLE in the population. However, these conditions have contributed considerably to the knowledge of path
Aims: Falls often result in soft tissue injuries, dislocations, fractures, longstanding pain and reduced quality of life. Therefore, fall preventive programmes have been developed. Methods: In this review, we evaluate programmes that in randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been shown with fall reducing effect. Results: Physical exercise that includes several training modalities, especially bala
Popular Abstract in Swedish Hur vi förstår och behandlar våra hästar är kulturellt betingat, liksom vilka ändamål man avlar fram dem för. Övergången mellan skilda samhällsformationer innebär inte bara nya levnadsomständigheter för människor och djur, utan också förändrade sociala förhållningssätt dem emellan. Somliga av djurens tidigare funktioner och användningsområden upphör, samtidigt som nya uThe way we understand and treat our horses, like the purpose for which they are bred, is culturally conditioned. The transition between differing social formations involves not only new life circumstances for people and animals, but also changed social modes of relating between them. Certain of the animals? previous functions and types of use come to an end at the same time new ones arise in their
A simple and effective procedure is described for the determination of the best-fit parameters of a given model of a surface structure by analysis of low energy electron diffraction (LEED) intensities. The procedure involves a nonlinear minimisation of chi(2) for the comparison of experimental and calculated intensities as a function of the parameters of the model structure. The minimisation is ca
Can a deliberate enhancement of the natural uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide in forests and agricultural lands contribute to the efforts to mitigation anthropogenic climate change? This is a question that has generated a great deal of debate and controversy since the inception of the multilateral climate negotiations in the early 1990s. This thesis offers an analysis of how this debate has pla
Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from wastewater treatment that contribute to its carbon footprint. As a result of the increasing awareness of GHG emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), new modelling, design, and operational tools have been developed to address and reduce GHG emissions at the plant-wide scale and beyond. This paper reviews t
Predicting the flux of dark matter particles through the Earth is vital for current and future direct dark matter detection experiments. To date, such predictions have been based on simulations that model the dark matter alone. Here we make the first attempt to include the influence of the baryonic matter. We show that the presence of a stellar/gas disc at high redshift (z ∼ 1) causes merging sate
Many different methods have been suggested for the numerical solution of index 2 and 3 Euler-Lagrange equations. We focus on 0-stability of multistep methods (φ, σ) and investigate the relations between some well-known computational techniques. By various modifications, referred to as β-blocking of the σ polynomial, some basic shortcomings of multistep methods may be overcome. This approach is rel
