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Popular Abstract in Swedish Jorden i vår natur är en mycket komplex miljö som innehåller en mängd olika organismer. Bland dessa är bakterier och svampar av störst betydelse eftersom de står för en stor del av nedbrytningen av olika ämnen. Jordbakterierna utför t.ex. många av ämnesomvandlingarna av kväve, svavel och fosfor i marken. Nedbrytningen frigör näringsämnen som sedan kan utnyttjas av växteThe soil bacterial community is under the constant influence of its environment. Changing any of the factors affecting the bacterial community will induce a selection pressure which, with time, will change the community. In this work the effect of changing the temperature or pH on the soil bacterial community was studied. Measurements using the [3H]-thymidine incorporation technique showed that th

Background Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy. Methods The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adj

We tested domestic cats in the so-called cylinder task, and found that they perform better if the cylinder is larger. We also found that their highest performance parallels that of great apes and corvids, which are known as the best performing animals on this task. The cylinder task is used to test animals’ motor self-regulation: the inhibition of unproductive, but prepotent, movements in favour o

Analysis of female sex pheromone gland extracts of the turnip moth (or common cutworm), Agrotis segetum, from Zimbabwe revealed three compounds previously identified as sex pheromone components in the Swedish population, namely (Z)-5-decenyl acetate (Z5-10:OAc), (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7- 12:OAc), and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc). However, the proportions from the Zimbabwean population

Nuklearmedicinsk bildtagning med hjälp av radiofarmaka är ett viktigt verktyg för att studera biologiska processer och humansjukdomar. Bildtagning sker ofta med en detektor i kombination med en kollimator. En typ av kollimering är pinnhålskollimering, där ett pinnhål i ett opakt material placeras mellan en källa och en detektor. Pinnhålet fyller samma funktion som en optisk lins då emitterade fotoThe focus of this dissertation is the use of pinhole collimation in Nuclear Medicine. A pinhole is a single aperture in an opaque material that is placed between the detector and source of interest, and photons must pass through the hole to reach the detector. The choices of pinhole parameters, e.g. the pinhole material and size of the opening, are closely linked to the performance of the detector

Baltoskandien utgör en del av paleokontinenten Baltica, vilken mestadels var täckt av ett grunt epeiriskt hav under den ordoviciska tidsperioden (ca 485,5–444 Ma). Detta uråldriga hav efterlämnade en tunn lagerföljd av sedimentära bergarter. Under tidig–mellanordovicium (ca 485,5–457,5 Ma) befann sig Baltica vid tempererade breddgrader på södra halvklotet och kallvattenkarbonater bildades över stoThe Baltoscandian region forms part of the paleocontinent Baltica, which was largely covered by a shallow epeiric sea throughout much of the Ordovician (c. 485.5–444 Ma). This ancient sea is today recorded by a thin succession of sedimentary rocks. During the Early–Middle Ordovician (c. 485.5–457.5 Ma), Baltica was situated in mid-latitudes on the southern hemisphere and cool-water carbonates form

Electromagnetic waves are widely used in society today for a multitude of applications. Design of electromagnetic devices and applications requires accurate methods for evaluating performance, which often means modern computational methods. While these methods have seen tremendous development in recent decades, it is still very important to perform measurements to validate the performance of devic

Popular science summary: Predictive model for unbound brain-to-plasma concentration ratio Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface evolved to protect the brain from exposure to toxic xenobiotics and to maintain homeostasis. Distribution of drugs across BBB is critical for any drug discovery project. A drug designed for a target in brain has to pass through the BBB in sufficient concentr

The Tam Giang-Cau Hai lagoon system, two inter-connected and naturally occurring coastal lagoons located in the Thua Thien-Hue province of Vietnam, comprises two inlets: Thuan An and Tu Hien. The Thuan An and Tu Hien inlets connect the lagoon system to the South China Sea and they are subjected to morphologic changes due to sediment transport effects. The magnitude of sediment transport is determi

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative disorder of the spine that predominantly affects the elderly. LSS is the most common spinal disorder leading to surgery in Sweden. Recent randomized controlled studies have showed better outcome with surgery compared to conservative treatment. However, after surgery, health related quality of life (HRQoL) and function continue to be inferior to that o

The aim of this dissertation is to present a history of sex education films in Sweden, from their beginnings until the late 1970s, relating the films to the changing historical context of the Swedish welfare society. Within this framework, the dissertation explores two main sets of questions. First, utilizing a contextual understanding of genre, the dissertation analyzes how the films were produce

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) are both causative agents of AIDS, with similar pathogenic characteristics. However, the rate of disease progression is highly variable both within and between HIV-1 and HIV 2, but the mechanisms involved in modulating the rate of disease progression remain poorly understood. Host genetics account for some of the variation within each

Popular Abstract in Swedish Omgivningens temperatur är kanske en av de faktorer som i allra störst utsträckning påverkar djur och deras livsmiljö. Detta bottnar givetvis till stor del i temperaturens effekt på naturen. Betänk till exempel årstidsväxlingarna; att vintern blir till vår, och att hösten (i samband med de första snöfallen) allt mer skrider mot ännu en kall och vit vinter bestäms och reTemperature is a property of profound matter in all aspects of animal life, affecting both individual energy budgets and the environments in which animals reside. Thus, a proper understanding of the effects of temperature variation is instrumental in understanding not only animal form and function, but also the structure and dynamics of wild populations. Accordingly, the aims of this thesis were t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den fysiska grunden för fysiska aktionsverbThis work is a study of verbal semantics with a focus on the discussion and illustration of the role of body parts and the semantic incorporation into verbal roots of the actions that involve various body parts. Following a general discussion of the basic issues of language construction and human body actions with the image schemas of force-dynamics presented in line with the framework of cognitiv

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vad har den slaviskt inspirerade östersjökeramiken som arkeologer finner i Skandinavien med slaver att göra? Levde de som gäster i huset? Vikingen och hanseaten har sedan länge sina platser inbokade på den historiska scenen. Under äldre medeltid rörde sig även andra aktörer över Östersjöns vatten. Främmande gäster besökte och bosatte sig i Skandinavien. Bland dem fanns Scholarly texts on Slavic-Scandinavian relations have concentrated on two main areas of interest. During the Viking Age the economic and social contacts between the lake Mälaren district and Rus’ were extensive. However, at the beginning of the Middle Ages, political antagonism between the two expanding realms of the Svear and the Novgorodians is noticeable. In southern Scandinavia, the hostility

Det beräknas att cirka 50 miljoner människor världen över har en demenssjukdom mot förväntade 152 miljoner år 2050 och enligt WHO är demenssjukdomar en prioriterad hälsopolitisk fråga. Primärvårdsläkares roll i upptäckt och behandling av tidig demens är troligen hälsoekonomiskt fördelaktig men primärvårdens handläggning av patienter med förmodad demens varierar stort. Syftet med denna avhandling vBackground: Around 50 million people worldwide have dementia and the prevalence is expected to increase to 152 million by 2050. According to the WHO, dementia is a priority health policy issue. The role of primary care physicians (PCPs) for timely dementia management can be cost-effective, yet PCP involvement in the management of patients with presumed or diagnosed dementia vary across Europe.Aim: