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In the Solar System, asteroids and Kuiper belt objects as well as comets are remnant planetesimals from the time of planet formation. Interactions between solids and gas inside a protoplanetary disc can, e.g. through the streaming instability, form gravitationally bound planetesimal-mass clouds of pebbles. Such clouds will inevitably have inelastic collisions between pebbles, lose energy and exper

Living organisms need to regulate their gene expression in response to environmental signals and internal cues. This is a computational task where genes act as logic gates that connect to form transcriptional networks, which are shaped at all scales by evolution. Large-scale mutations such as gene duplications and deletions add and remove network components, whereas smaller mutations alter the con

Vintergatan, vårt hem i Universum, är den enda galax vi har möjlighet att studera i detalj. Med hjälp av observationer och beräkningar vet vi idag ungefär hur Vintergatan ser ut. Vi vet att Vintergatan består av en tunn skiva av stjärnor, stoft och gas, kallad den tunna disken. I mitten har den en utbuktning, kallad bulben. I och runtomkring finns en lite tjockare skiva med lägre densitet och bestThe formation history of the Milky Way galaxy is presently a subject of frequent investigation within astronomy. Of interest when constructing theories of the Galaxy’s formation is the question of whether or not there exist any gradients regarding ages of the stars within the stellar disks. In this project, a method for age-determination of stellar populations based on the Sobel Kernel edge detect

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s can be treated with stem-cell derived specialized neurons. In order to achieve precise directed neural differentiation in vitro we need to understand the gene regulatory mechanisms behind in vivo neural tube patterning. We implement a 3D computational model of brain patterning to simulate this process. The mathematical model is set up by unifying two e

Amino acids that are in close contact in a protein structure tend to co-evolve, which gives rise to sequence correlations. Direct coupling analysis (DCA) is a method for predicting such contacts directly from sequence correlations, without assuming any prior knowledge of structures. To this end, sequence correlations are modeled using an Ising-like ansatz, whose couplings are determined through an

This thesis examines the state-of-the-art 2D super-resolution technique alternating descent conditional gradient (ADCG) method's ability to accurately localize fluorophores in diffraction-limited single molecule images (SMI) and analyze the impact of pre-processing and post-processing modules on ADCG's fluorophore localization. A synthetic dataset obtained from the 2013 Grand Challenge loc

Sammanfattning: Den svenska narkotikapolitikens utvecklingen har under lång tid hindrats av en brist på debatt och vetenskaplighet. På den internationella arenan börjar man se viss förändring i debattklimatet. Cannabis har legaliserat i två delstater i USA och i Köpenhamn föreslås en försöksverksamhet med legal försäljning av cannabis. Den svenska regeringen är oroad över denna utveckling med en m

A variety of pathogenic bacteria can infect humans and the increase in bacteria resistant to common antibiotics is a large threat to human health worldwide. This work presents a method, based on optical DNA mapping (ODM) in nanofluidic channels, that can detect the type of bacterial present in a sample by matching the obtained maps of large DNA molecules to a database of fully assembled bacterial

In this study we derive a single-particle equation of motion, from first principles, starting out with a microscopic description of a tracer particle in a one-dimensional many-particle system with a general two-body interaction potential. Using a harmonization technique, we show that the resulting dynamical equation belongs to the class of fractional Langevin equations, a stochastic framework whic

Sammanfattning I Sverige råder fri bevisprövning med fri bevisvärdering. Det innebär att inga formella regler uppställs för hur ett bevis ska värderas eller vilka metoder som ska tillämpas av domstolen vid bevisvärderingen. Således är det teoretiskt möjligt att vid en ord mot ord situation finna det ställt utom rimligt tvivel att den tilltalade gjort som åklagaren gör gällande. Trots detta är det Summary In Sweden there is a free sifting of evidence with a free evaluation of evidence. This means that no formal rules are imposed on how evidence should be valued or the methods to be applied by the court at the evaluation of evidence. It is theoretically possible to find it beyond reasonable doubt that the accused made as the prosecutor alleges in a situation where one word stands against ano

We investigated the performance of basic jet subtraction, by the utilization of jet reconstruction generally used at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This was done by studying Z-bosons, in the dielectron decay channel, and the associated jet correlation in pp, pPb and PbPb collisions, using datasets generated by the Monte Carlo generator PYTHIA8. The PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV a