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Insulin is the only blood glucose reducing hormone and is produced by beta-cells in pancreatic islets. Malfunctioning beta-cells are the main cause for developing type 2 diabetes. For proper insulin release to occur, the cell depends on intracellular calcium signals that can be modulated by adrenenaline receptors. The role of the various adrenergic receptor subtypes in pancreatic beta-cells is poo
The human gliomas are the most common primary brain tumours. They are highly aggressive with a rapid fatal progression for the patient. The invasive growth pattern and inherent resistance to radiation and chemotherapy account for a lack of efficient therapies. Several novel therapeutic regimes are being investigated, but they have so far shown limited beneficial effects. The molecular heterogeneit
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar strömlinjeformade subglaciala bäddformer (ofta kallade drumliner) i södra Sverige. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie är att bidra till en lösning av det så kallade ”drumlinproblemet”. Termen drumlin har kommit att tillämpas på en grupp av landformer vars interna sediment, strukturella uppbyggnad och yttre form kan variera kraftigt. DessThis thesis investigates stream-lined subglacial bedforms (often referred to as drumlins) in southern Sweden. The broad aim of this is to contribute to the solution of the ‘drumlin problem’. The term drumlin has come to be applied to a wide range of features whose internal architecture (core) and overall morphology are seen to vary greatly. This range in characteristics is in part responsible for
The purpose of this thesis is to criticize the Commission's approach to the application of Article 82 to the exclusionary abuses of the dominant firms. It is a very interesting and hot topic as the attitude of the Commission and the European Courts have many implications on the consumer welfare and total efficiency in common market and innovation capacity and the economic development of the Eu
According to international treaty law as well as international customary law, threats of (armed) force are considered as one of the gravest violations of international law. Yet, threats of force frequently occur in international relations, often lacking condemnation by the international community. There are a number of reasons to why threats of force are sometimes passed by unconsidered by the int
In recent years the appearance of private standards and codes of conduct has shaped the functioning of agri-food chains. These private standards, codes of conduct and quality meta- systems are similar concepts that evolved as a response to food scares and the growing expectations of consumers about quality and other attributes. Large retailers and supermarket chains have developed private standard
Straffprocessuella tvångsmedel har till ändamål att hjälpa förundersökningen och rättegången, eller att säkerställa verkställighet av dom i brottmål. Tvångsmedel får inte användas för andra syften än dessa. När tvångsmedel används ska alltid legalitetsprincipen samt de tre allmänna principerna, ändamåls-, behovs-, och proportionalitetsprinciperna beaktas. En husrannsakan kan vara reell eller persCoercive measures have the purpose to help the investigation and trial, or to secure the enforcement of a criminal judgment. Coercive measures should not be used for purposes other than these. When a coercion measure is used, the principle of legality and the three general principles; purpose, needs, and proportionality, have to be taken into account. A search of the premises is allowed in a hous
Det svenska skattesystemet vilar på uppfattningen att den skattskyldige har en principiell uppgiftsskyldighet vilken Skatteverket ytterst sett kan driva igenom med hjälp av vitesföreläggande. I Skatteverkets kontrollverksamhet kan det uppkomma misstanke om att den skattskyldige har lämnat oriktiga uppgifter vilket kan leda till att skattetillägg tas ut och att åtal om skattebrott inleds. Då uppg
Relief Aid in East Africa Over a period of six months during second half of 2011, the global humanitarian Community responded to one of the most severe droughts the world has ever seen. A total of 13 million people were given emergency assistance including food, water and shelter. Unfortunately, this intervention is not an isolated event. The countries located in East Africa have a dire history of
Popular Abstract in Swedish Malaria och tuberkulos är två av de mest dödliga infektionssjukdomarna i världen. Biologiskt är de två infektionerna mycket olika; malaria orsakas av en encellig parasit, en plasmodium, som sprids mellan personer med hjälp av myggbett, och tuberkulos av en bakterie som sprids via upphostade bakterier. Vidare drabbar malaria vanligtvis blodomloppet medan tuberkulos oftasMalaria and tuberculosis are two of the most deadly infectious diseases that exist. Both diseases predominantly affect the most vunerable parts of society. Additionally the treatment of both diseases are complicated by growing and spreading resistance against the drugs used to treat them. Chloroquine was once described as a wonder drug for its combination of efficacy, low price and tolerable side
This thesis is a study of the mountain vegetation in the Faroe Islands based on five altitudinal transects sampled during the period 1999-2001. The vegetation was studied on the basis of plant communities, life-forms and biodiversity of vascular plant species and is discussed in a climate change perspective. The boundary between arctic and temperate vegetation is established and the tolerance of c
PTSD or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (or, earlier, Syndrome) covers a great variety of symptoms which develop in a variety of contexts – accidents, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, wars and other events where people come face to face with violence and death. PTSD was included in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-III, during the early 1980s.
The demand for easily available geographic information is increasing in society. Moreover, knowledge of spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) has increased in many European governmental agencies, in large part because of the implementation of the INSPIRE directive. Many countries, thus, recognise the need to provide more detailed geographic information as network services at the national level. One
