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Trophic factors secreted both from the endocardium and epicardium regulate appropriate growth of the myocardium during cardiac development. Epicardially-derived cells play also a key role in development of the coronary vasculature. This process involves transformation of epithelia] (epicardial) cells to mesenchymal cells (EMT). Similarly, a subset of endocardial cells undergoes EMT to form the mes

BACKGROUND. Hypoxia induces increased tumor growth by promoting angiogenic and glycolytic pathways. Tumors expressing hypoxia-inducible factor-la (HIF-1 alpha), an important transcriptional activator of oxygen-regulated genes, are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The major challenge in prostate cancer therapy today is to gain a better understanding of the development of hormone-refracto

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kognitiv funktion är ett samlingsbegrepp för minne och högre tankeprocceser. Nedgången i dessa verbala, logiskt-induktiva, spatiala och minnes funktioner ses både vid normalt åldrandet och sekundärt till demens, stroke och åldersrelaterad minnesstörning. Förändringar i dessa funktioner kan vara ett tidigt tecken på vaskulärt (kärl-relaterad) betingad sjukdom eller degen

A model of emotional conditioning is ex- tended with a cortical model where stimulus codes compete for activation. This system is combined with motivational inputs that mod- ulate both sensory and emotional processing. The extended model is able to reproduce the attentional blocking effect. It can also learn to switch between different sensory targets when the motivational state changes. The relat

Popular Abstract in Swedish Immunsystemet utgörs av de celler och molekyler i kroppen som har till uppgift att skydda oss mot angrepp av sjukdomsframkallande bakterier, virus och parasiter. Dessa patogener hindras först och främst av fysiska barriärer såsom hud, slemhinnor och mag/tarm kanalen. Patogener som har lyckats ta sig igenom dessa barriärer, möter härnäst immunsystemets första försvarslin

Autoignition with SI compression ratio can be achieved by retaining hot residuals, replacing some of the fresh charge. In this experimental work it is achieved by running with a negative valve overlap (NVO) trapping hot residuals. The experimental engine is equipped with a pneumatic valve train making it possible to change valve lift, phasing and duration, as well as running with valve deactivatio

Popular Abstract in Swedish Många olika proteiner kan produceras med hjälp av rekombinanta DNA tekniker. Ofta sätts vektorn som kodar för det rekombinanta proteinet in i bakterien E. coli, då den är välkänd. Det är viktigt att producera mycket celler för att uppnå hög produktivitet. Detta görs genom att näringsämnet (ofta glukos) tillsätts kontinuerligt till en så kallad semisats reaktor. TillsatsThe recombinant DNA techniques have made it possible to produce many different proteins for a wide range of applications. The vector encoding for the recombinant protein is often inserted in the bacterium E. coli as it is a well studied and a well-known organism. To achieve a high productivity, it is important to reach a high cell density. This is obtained through fed-batch operation where the nut