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Enligt den Europeiska konventionen för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna (EKMR) har medlemsstaterna en skyldighet att garantera konventionens fri- och rättigheter till var och en som befinner sig inom deras jurisdiktion. Det är sedan länge klart att staterna främst har denna skyldighet inom sitt eget territorium. Europadomstolen har emellertid klargjort att EKMR i exceptioAccording to the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) states have an obligation to secure, to everyone within their jurisdiction, the rights prescribed in the Convention. Already at the drafting of the ECHR, it was clear that the states mainly had this obligation within their own territories. However, the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) has found that the

The study reported in the present paper aimed to determine the effect of prosodic cues on automatic word processing in the brain by comparing the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the event-related potentials (ERP) elicited by isolated words and pseudowords. More specifically, it attempted to explore the influence of changes in certain suprasegmental cues such as fundamental frequency and int

This Minor Field Study aims to examine how small-scale farmers in Northeast Brazil experience the transition towards organic farming mainly in regard to economy and quality of life but also considering gender equality and national migration. The author finds that organic farming seems to create new meanings and discussion areas for the people involved. Organic farming may also be of relevance cons

The purpose of this study has been to explore the impact of everyday life and the family on women's political participation in India. This has been done by analysing the political life stories of nine women who have all been elected to the local governance system, Panchayati Raj, in the South Indian state of Karnataka. The family often plays a dual role in relation to women's political par

The aim of this essay is to analyse the role women play for the male Beats in Jack Kerouac's On the Road (1957) and how women, love and marriage are viewed in the text. The hypothesis that I argue for is that the male Beats' relationship to women is built upon an opposition. Their restless vagabond life with its characteristic search for "kicks" is contrasted with traditional and

The efficiency and effectiveness of the United Nations is a much debated topic, outside the organization as well as inside. This Master Thesis looks at the efficiency of the work of the UN at country level, and it aims at assessing the efficiency of UN inter-agency cooperation in the thematic area of HIV/AIDS in Kenya. It focuses mainly on the work of UNAIDS and its ten Cosponsoring organizations,

This thesis investigates the role states play in promoting and directing a country’s development. More specifically, it is examined, which factors determine differences in state performance and why different types of states form. This is done through a comparative case study of Botswana and Zambia, two southern African countries that after a similar start into independence developed very different

In this thesis, a theory testing research of two comparative cases has been conducted. By applying the Rational Choice inspired theory by Adam Przeworski, upon the two cases of the negotiations revolving around the civil war in Bosnia-Herzegovina and the war between Serbia and Kosovo, it has been examined whether the theory can be used to explain the difference in outcome. The essence of the theor

The aim of this thesis is to investigate to what extent member states within the European Union have shown compliance with regards to the implementation of the EU’s counter-terrorism strategy from 2005. Grounded in a framework of social constructivism that emphasizes normative structures significant to strategy formation, the analysis concentrates on the impact national strategic cultures have on

Diasporas potential to spur development have in the recent decade been discovered in the development industry along with the proliferation of the migration and development nexus. An increasing amount of Diaspora programmes within migrant’s host countries’ development non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have been initiated. The Diaspora programmes in Denmark, Norway and Sweden NGOs let the Somali

Bjerkandera sp. BOL 13 removed 95% of nonylphenol (at 9.7 mg nonylphenol l(-1) day(-1)) from aqueous medium after 5 days of incubation in agitated cultures. This removal rate decreased 2.5-fold in static cultures. By comparison, Trametes versicolor removed nonylphenol at 2.8 mg l(-1) day(-1)supercript stop under conditions of static incubation, probably due to the action of laccase, but no growth

Power supply systems play a very important role in applications of everyday life. Mainly, for low power generation, there are two ways of producing energy: electrochemical batteries and small engines. In the last few years many improvements have been carried out in order to obtain lighter batteries with longer duration but unfortunately the energy density of 1 MJ/kg seems to be an asymptotic value

Background Acetabular cementation during total hip arthroplasty is considered difficult mainly due to the appearance and anatomy of the acetabulum. Improved cementation technique has been shown to improve the longevity of acetabular components. Method We designed a ceramic model to investigate the effect of varying the initial cement pressurization and cup introduction times on the depth of cemen

The impact of warmer climate on melt and evaporation was studied for tainted, snowfed and glacierfed basins located in the western Himalayan region. Hydrological processes were simulated under current climatic conditions using a conceptual hydrological model, which accounts for the rainfall-runoff, evaporation losses, snow and glacier melt. After simulations of daily observed strearnflow (R-2 = 0.

Polyploidization, often accompanied by hybridization, has been of major importance in flowering plant evolution. Here we investigate the importance of these processes for the evolution of the tetraploid crucifer Capsella bursa-pastoris using DNA sequences from two chloroplast loci as well as from three nuclear low-copy genes. The near-absence of variation at the C. bursa-pastoris chloroplast marke

In Parkinson's disease, pain is a prevalent and complex symptom of diverse origin. King's Parkinson's disease pain scale, assesses different pain syndromes, thus allowing exploration of its differential prevalence and influence on the health-related quality of life of patients. Post hoc study 178 patients and 83 matched controls participating in the King's Parkinson's disease pain scale validation

Palliative care philosophy is based on a holistic approach to patients, but research shows that possibilities for living up to this philosophy seem limited by historical and administrative structures. From the nurse perspective, this article aims to explore nursing practice in specialised palliative homecare, and how it is influenced by organisational and cultural structures. Qualitative, semi-str

The valence bands of [EMIM][TFSI], [DEME][TFSI] and [PYR1,4][TFSI] gas-phase ion pairs have been investigated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The photoelectron spectra are interpreted by using several density functional and ab initio calculation methods. Although the experimental vapor phase spectra are similar, the different calculation methods make different predictions about