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The morphological structure of the nervous system is ultimately the basis of its function. Analyses of the anatomical layout of brain areas, single neuron morphologies, and the synaptic connectivity of neurons are therefore essential for a comprehensive understanding of the computational processes implemented in neuronal networks. Insect brains have long served as models to examine neuronal circui
In this article, the effects of convex dimple streamwise arrangements on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of protrusion-grooved channels are determined, and five streamwise positions of convex dimples are considered. In addition, research on the transverse-circular-protrusion-grooved channel is also performed to serve as a contrast. The results indicate that replacing the transverse-circ
Background/Aim. Certain groups of informal caregivers have been shown to have worse health compared to noncaregivers. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the health and gender aspects of caregiving in an older Swedish population. Methods. Our study included 5457 participants from the longitudinal, general population study "Good Aging in Skåne."A total of 33 self-reported symptoms
Ants use memorized visual scenes to navigate towards food sources and to return to their nest. Two new studies show that both of these behaviors fail when structures of the ant brain known as mushroom bodies are chemically disrupted, confirming long-held assumptions about the location of ants’ visual navigation memories.
We report the evolution of metastable precursor structures during hydrogen infusion in the near-surface region of a super duplex stainless steel. Grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction was employed to monitor, operando, the lattice degradation of the austenite and ferrite phases. Electrochemical hydrogen charging resulted in the splitting of the diffraction peaks of the austenite phase, suggesting th
This study investigates the internal cooling processes affected by the tip bleed holes in gas turbine blades. Double bleed holes are fixed at the center of the blade tip near the pressure side and suction side, respectively. Five different arrangements of the holes along the center line of the tip are studied. The purely double holes are set as the Baseline. The purpose of the present study is to
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and a significant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Metastasis is the most insidious aspect of cancer progression. Convincing data suggest that microRNAs (miRs) play a key function in colon cancer biology. We examined the role of miR-340-5p in regulating RhoA expression as well as cell migration and invasion in colon cancer cells. Levels of miR-
BACKGROUND: Heavy drinking (HD) and binge drinking (BD) exhibit marked differences in their relationships with contextual-level factors imbedded in geographical areas of residence. The objective is to identify sociodemographic factors, both at the individual and at the contextual level, associated with these 2 main hazardous consumption patterns.METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from the 2
Propagation-based phase contrast imaging (PB-PCI) with an X-ray lab source is a powerful technique to study low absorption samples, e.g. soft tissue or plastics, on the micrometer scale but is often limited by the low flux and coherence of the source. The setup geometry is essential for the performance since there is a trade-off where a short source distance yields a high contrast-to-noise ratio (
Existing researches on two-row film cooling mainly focused on double-jet film cooling. However, researches on the effects by combining different kinds of hole shapes on film cooling performance are quite limited. In order to improve the film cooling effectiveness, the three-dimensional numerical method is utilized to investigate the effects of a novel structure composed of two-row holes with diffe
Cell-mediated immune suppression may play an important role in lung carcinogenesis. We investigated the associations for circulating levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR), quinolinic acid (QA) and neopterin as markers of immune regulation and inflammation with lung cancer risk in 5,364 smoking-matched case–control pairs from 20 prospective cohorts included in the inte
Background: Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used to estimate peak bone mass, define osteoporosis and predict fracture. However, as aBMD is calculated as bone mineral content (BMC) divided by the scanned area, aBMD displays an inverse relationship with bone size. In a skeleton that is increasing in size, this is a problem, as bone size is an
Aims: We aimed to discover and replicate associations between leisure-time physical activity and cardiovascular candidate plasma protein biomarkers and to examine whether the associations were independent of body fat. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from two population-based cohorts, the EpiHealth (discovery cohort; n = 2239) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort – Clinical (SMCC; replication c
Heat transfer characteristics of an electric heater were experimentally investigated by using various fluids in this paper, including Cu-EGW (a mixture of ethylene glycol and DI-water), Al2O3-EGW, Fe3O4-EGW nanofluids. A 4:6 mixture of ethylene glycol and deionized water was used as the base liquid. All these nanofluids were prepared by ultrasonic treatment, and nanoparticle mass concentration of
Modulated nanoparticle-coating surfaces were fabricated by an improved electrophoretic deposition technique in this study. Pool boiling experiments were studied for HFE-7200 on the modulated nanoparticle-coating surfaces, with a smooth surface and uniform coating surfaces as comparison. It was found that the present modulated coating surfaces can enhance the heat transfer coefficient and the criti
The long absorption length of hard X-rays makes them ideal tools for investigating electronic and optoelectronic devices in realistic operational conditions. Modern X-ray optics reach the relevant length scales for single nanoelectronic devices. Here, methods to investigate single nanowire devices with nanofocused X-rays are discussed. The X-rays are used both as pump and probe of semiconductor na
A new measurement protocol was used for microscopic chemical analysis of surface oxide films with lateral resolution of 1 μm. The native air-formed oxide and an anodic passive film on austenite and ferrite phases of a 25Cr-7Ni super duplex stainless steel were investigated using synchrotron hard X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (HAXPEEM). Pre-deposited Pt-markers, in combination with electr
CONTEXT: Vitamin D (25OHD) is involved in many physiological functions that decline with age, contributing to frailty and increased risk for negative health outcomes. Whether 25OHD is a long-term risk marker for frailty over a longer time and whether it is consistent with advancing age is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between 25OHD and frailty in older women followed for 10 ye
Manipulation of electrons by light forms the basis for future optoelectronic devices targeting switching speeds close to optical frequencies. Specifically, nanolocalized optical and plasmonic fields play a key role as they reduce the interaction region down to few nanometers and thus the time electrons require to traverse the fields. In this context, the precise knowledge of the localized fields i
