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This thesis describes the physical chemistry of softwood kraft lignin in aqueous alkaline solutions. Both fundamental and applicational aspects are discussed. Kraft lignin originates either from pulp fibres or from black liquor produced by kraft cooking. In wood, the lignin is an anionic macromolecular colloid of relatively high molecular mass that is gradually depolymerised under the kraft cook.
The intention of this study is to question the supposed self-evident connection between sickness and sin in the individual complaint psalms. On the basis of a careful analysis of the psalms which contain the three motifs divine absence, divine wrath, and man’s guilt, the author problematizes this aspect of the exegetical literature’s widespread interpretation of the theological dimension of illnes
We analyze the effects of the increase in China’s import competition on Mexican domestic and international migration. We exploit the variation in exposure to competition from China, following its accession to the WTO in 2001, across Mexican municipalities and estimate the effect of international competition on the individual decision to migrate. Controlling for individual and municipality features
Popular Abstract in Swedish All materia består av atomer. Avhandlingen du just nu läser är uppbyggd av atomer; till och med du själv är uppbyggd av atomer. En kemist är intresserad av vilka atomer som hänger ihop för att bilda molekyler och hur dessa molekyler kan sammanfogas till fasta material. Man kan likna det vid att molekylerna är en byggsten som då de sammanfogas bildar en byggnadskonstruktHow do molecules arrange themselves in a crystal? It is today not possible to definite predict the three-dimensional packing arrangement of molecules in the crystalline solid state. The aim of the work presented in this thesis has been to gain more knowledge of what principles that govern molecular packing. Platinum(II) complexes have been chosen as model system since these compounds are stable,
Om svenska räddningsaktioner under andra världskriget och synen på dem efter 1945.
This article treats the organization and ideology of the Salamullah-movement in Indonesia, a New Religious Movement established in the post-Suharto era. A characteristic feature of the movement is its extensive usage of new technology in the dissemination of its religious ideas.
Popular Abstract in Swedish Diskret händelsebaserad simulering av tillverkningssystem är sällan använd i utvecklingsprocessen av tillverkningssystem. Många gånger dras slutsatsen att analyser som involverar simulering i sig själv ger ökade kostnader. Detta synsätt är inte korrekt eftersom analyser måste göras ändå. I denna avhandling visas på metoder att utnyttja simuleringstekniken genom tillverkDES is seldom used in the manufacturing system development process, instead it is usually used to cure problems in existent systems. This has the effect that the simulation study alone is considered being the cost driver for the analysis of the manufacturing system. It is argued that this is not a entirely correct view since the analysis has to be performed anyway, and the cost directly related to
The inability of organisations to develop successfully and their lack of a holistic view and of relevant quantitative facts are factors that played a major role in my choice of a research area for this and my licentiate thesis (Ljungberg, 1994). These two theses together represent the work conducted for the PhD degree. There is a strong need in this research area for increased insight into the de
Popular Abstract in Swedish I Sverige produceras en stor del av elektriciteten i kärnkraftverk och som restprodukt får man ett mycket farligt radioaktivt avfall som måste isoleras från människor i hundratusentals till miljoner år. Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB) har i uppdrag att ta hand om detta avfall och har utvecklat metoden KBS-3. I denna placeras det använda kärnbränslet i en kopparkapsBentonite is planned for use as a buffer material in high-level radioactive waste repositories, where safety assessment is performed for very long periods (100-1000 ka). This thesis focuses on the swelling of smectites in liquid water, and analysis of bentonite from field experiments at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden. Four field experiments were analyzed (Alternative Buffer Material experiment,
Popular Abstract in Swedish För att lungorna ska utvecklas normalt hos ett däggdjursfoster, måste lungorna vara vätskefyllda. Det har länge varit kännt att denna vätska produceras av lungorna själva, genom s k klorid-sekretion. Vid födelsen måste det nyfödda fostret börja andas och därför är det ytterst viktigt att lungorna snabbt töms på vätskan som fanns där under fosterutvecklingen. Detta sker Alveolar fluid clearance is driven by active absorption of Na+ across the alveolar epithelium. Development and hormonal regulation of alveolar fluid clearance over 1 hour was studied by instillation of a protein-containing, isosmolar fluid into lungs of fetal, newborn, and adult guinea pigs. After 1 hour, a sample of remaining alveolar fluid was collected and the change in protein concentration wa
Popular Abstract in Swedish För att kunna förstå och bedöma exponeringen av kemikalier i miljön, i det här fallet PolyBromeradeDiphenylEtrar (PBDEer), behövs kunskap om källor och flöden från teknosfären till ekosystemen. PBDEer är bromerade flamskyddsmedel som bl a sätts till olika plastmaterial i elektronikanvändning för att förhindra brand. Det används globalt i miljontals kilo och presenteras I have studied the sources, long range transport, and rates of flow of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), from the technosphere to the Baltic ecosystems. PBDEs are mainly used in polymers, which are applied in electrical equipment to prevent overheating or flashover and are produced in large quantities. PBDEs have become widely spread in the environment, where they are able to accumulate in b
Popular Abstract in Swedish Benskörhet (osteoporos) är en sjukdom som karaktäriseras av minskad mängd benmassa och försämrad benkvalitet. Benskörhet leder till en ökad risk för frakturer. Förekomsten av benskörhet har fördubblats under de senaste decennierna. Upp till en tiondel av alla män och en fjärdedel av alla kvinnor lider av sjukdomen. Ökningen av benskörhet i samhället kan delvis förklarasThe aim of this thesis was to evaluate long-term changes in bone mass and skeletal structure in the forearm in the peri- and postmenopausal period. 156 premenopausal women, at baseline aged 48 years, not taking medications and without disease processes known to interfere with bone metabolism, were followed through menopause by measurements of bone mass and skeletal structure at the cortical site o
The availability and exchange of required packaging logistics information is critical to achieve an efficient, effective and responsive retail supply chain. The use of well defined packaging-related information that is available for all actors in the supp1y chain also facilitate an integrated and supply chain oriented packaging development. The objective of this paper is to investigate and describ
The aim of this book is to improve our understanding of creative knowledge environments. The various chapters analyse creative and innovate activities as carried out by individuals, groups and organisations. The book’s focus is on identifying and understanding the factors relating to the working environment that are conducive to human creativity and innovation. The editing of the book has been a c
This study investigates volatility spillovers to electric power fromlarge exogenous shocks in the prices of gas, coal, and carbon emissionallowances in the German energy market. Our sample ranges from 2008 to 2016and covers periods of different market conditions. We use a general VAR-BEKKmodel and the volatility impulse response function methodology to analyze andevaluate the spillover effects. Sp
Background The Ho: YAG laser is used extensively in orthopedic surgery. It offers a minimally invasive method of ablating tissue with precision. Previous studies have explored the effects of laser use on temperature during experimental foraminoplasty. To date, there has been limited work on the effects of thermal stress on cells in this context. Material and methods Cells were exposed either to h
