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This study examines the effect of credit rating downgrades and negative changes in outlook on stock returns for companies in the London Stock Exchange from 2000 to 2018. Measuring the abnormal returns, we verify if the observed stock returns are significantly different from the expected returns calculated through an event study. A market model with the FTSE All-Share Index as a benchmark is used.
Once the South African dung beetle Kheper lamarcki has constructed its ball of dung, it strives to escape the competition at the dung pile and locate soft ground to dig down. The most efficient way to do this is to move away along a straight path. One way to achieve this is by using celestial cues as orientation references. However, when these cues fail to provide sufficient directional informatio
The techno-conglomerate Amazon has emerged as a corporate giant, branching out their operations to include many sectors of the global market. While previously concealing their carbon footprint, Amazon co-founded The Climate Pledge together with two former architects of the Paris Agreement in 2019 with the goal of reaching net zero carbon by 2040, ten years earlier than the Paris agreement. A copio
This paper analyzes trade in services’ vulnerability to exogenous shocks in order to contribute to the often-neglected area of international trade in services. It is accomplished by examining how Sweden’s border measures during the European refugee crisis affected services trade between Sweden and Denmark. The impact of the border measures is estimated with a difference-in-differences model: Swede
Dividends effect on stock prices and shareholders return is a disputed subject in finance. The purpose of this thesis is to expand on the existing research both the effect of dividends in general and on stocks on the Swedish market in particular. This thesis establishes an index of stocks with 5 or more years of dividend growth for at least the last 5 years on the Swedish market, by comparing this
This thesis is an exploration of the merging of two discourses – nationalism and feminism – through a case study of the Bunadsgerilja, a social movement demonstrating against the shutdowns of maternity wards throughout the districts of Norway. The nationalist framing of the Bunadsgerilja and the tensions this bring with it, is explored using Yuval-Davis’s (2011) analysis of ‘politics of belonging’
The effects of global warming are apparent and the work towards a sustainable future is underway. In order to reduce the environmental impact caused by the transportation sector, a transition from fossil fuels to those based on renewable resources are important. Using agricultural land to produce raw materials, e.g. wheat or corn, for biofuel is controversial as it competes with food production. F
Investments are essential to any economy. Therefore, governments aim to increase the level of total investments done within a country. Investments improve the economy and the productivity of the country. For this reason, it is important to understand which factors can influence investments on a national scale. The primary aim of this study is to investigate factors that could reasonably be exp
Transnational actors such as the European Union, encourages and promotes the development of circular economics. The rationale is financially based, but it also comes from a perspective of sustainability. Funding is provided to programmes and projects with this intent in mind. Symbiosis is a concept within circular economics in which public and private actors can utilize each other’s residuals and
Gravitational scattering in the ADD-model is considered at both sub- and transplanckian energies using a common formalism. By keeping a physical cut-off in the KK tower associated with virtual KK exchange, such as the cut-off implied from a finite brane width, troublesome divergences are removed from the calculations in both energy ranges. The scattering behavior depends on three different energy
Unemployment swings have distributional consequences if some groups are hit harder than others. We examine if the sensitivity to local unemployment rates varies by characteristics such as health, cognitive ability and non-cognitive ability. Data on these variables come from registers covering the entire Swedish population of males. We show that variations in the unemployment rate are associated wi
Decentralisation is considered a potentially effective strategy for participatory development and delivery of assistance, particularly in the context of rural development. It contributes to reduction of inequality and poverty and, thus, promotes local democracy. India and Indonesia have considerable social and economic inequality and poverty. Though both countries have opted for devolving power to
Although media-fueled food scares are often described as linked to consumers’ food anxieties, previous studies of food consumption have failed to explore fully how foodscare reports add to consumers’ anxieties. Using a relational theory of risk and a narrative approach, this article highlights how food-scare reports, through various risk accounts, create anxiety-inducing stories where consumers ar
Deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dNKs) are important to DNA metabolism, especially in environments where nucleosides are freely available to be absorbed and used for the salvage pathway. Little has previously been known about the complement of dNKs in different bacterial genomes. However, it was believed that Gram-negative bacteria had a single dNK, while Gram-positive bacteria possessed several. An a
Introduction The previously reported randomised controlled trial of a consensus regimen of pulse cyclophosphamide suggested that it was as effective as a daily oral (DO) cyclophosphamide for remission induction of antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies-associated systemic vasculitis when both were combined with the same glucocorticoid protocol (CYCLOPS study (Randomised trial of daily oral versus
The Sn-124(Cl-37, 6n gamma) fusion-evaporation reaction at a bombarding energy of 180 MeV has been used to significantly extend the excitation level scheme of Ho-155(67)88. The collective rotational behavior of this nucleus breaks down above spin I similar to 30 and a fully aligned noncollective (band terminating) state has been identified at I-pi = 79/2(-). Comparison with cranked Nilsson-Strutin
During the Silurian Period, as shown here by data from Gotland, Sweden, and other regions of the Baltoscandian paleocontinent, fish faunas were struck hard by extinctions caused by the late Ludlow Lau Event, also known for being associated with the largest positive stable carbon isotope excursion of the Phanerozoic. This event had a profound impact on the early evolutionary history of vertebrates,
The P blood group antigen of the GLOB system is a glycolipid structure, also known as globoside, on the red blood cells (RBCs) of almost all individuals worldwide. The P antigen is intimately related to the Pk and NOR antigens discussed in the review about the P1PK blood group system. Naturally occurring anti-P is present in the serum of individuals with the rare globoside-deficient phenotypes p,
