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Timber structures and wooden element are in general affected by moisture and moisture variation in different ways. Their hygroscopic properties result in adsorption of water when wetted and in desorption when dried. Because the volume of wood is not constant but varies with the moisture content, uneven distribution of moisture will result in induced eigen-stresses because of internal restraint hyg
This article addresses the role of the civilizing process' in the historiography of the Victorian period. The author develops a critique of perspectives that deem the nineteenth century to be an era of discipline and self-restraint, arguing that these result from the hegemonic position of literary perspectives within Victorian Studies and their frequent reliance on Foucauldian-inspired techniques
According to Lundquist, professor in political science at Lund University, there are six different kinds of steering that rule the activities of the authority. The different kinds of steering can be divided into two different groups&semic direct and indirect steering. Steering by order means that the superior rules how the public authority perform their duty in individual matters. Steering by
This paper is the third in a series which recounts experiences in a project conducted in a newly created department of the University of Portsmouth, following a faculty reorganization. In this context, the 25 staff of the department wished to explore possibilities ofr development in a range of areas of work. A variant of the framework for Strategic Systemic Thinking (SST) was used to support such
Popular Abstract in English Modern society is still largely based on fossil resources. However, there are growing concerns about the security and cost of these resources, as well as climate change resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels. Biofuels represent renewable fuels with the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of fossil fuels, providing a more sustainable alternative. The transpBioethanol from sugarcane is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, and the increasing demand for fuel ethanol has prompted studies on the use of the lignocellulosic residues of sugarcane, namely bagasse and leaves, as new feedstock. This thesis describes various process designs and the economic feasibility of producing second generation (2G) ethanol from bagasse and leaves via the enzymatic r
The need for increaseding accuracy and reduced ambiguities in the inversion results has resulted in focus on the development of more advanced inversion methods of geophysical data. Over the past few years more advanced inversion techniques have been developed to improve the results. Real 3D-inversion is time consuming and therefore often not the best solution in a cost-efficient perspective. This
The past three decades have seen a surge in access to information (ATI) legislation at the global level. The right to freely review government information has become a component of political liberalization movements in countries transitioning to democracy as well as reform efforts in already established democracies. ATI is seen as an important measure in fighting corruption and promoting transpare
The standard Godunov type method used in computational fluid dynamics shows accuracy problems for low Mach number flows and for the kinetic energy at the highest wave numbers resolvable on a given grid. Both drawbacks become visible when simulating the decay of isotropic turbulence at the low Mach numbers typical for the respective experimental investigations. A modification to cure both problems
Background: Lack of a global consensus on the definition of advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) and considerations for timing of device-aided therapies may result in heterogeneity in care. Objectives: To reach consensus among movement disorder specialists regarding key patient characteristics indicating transition to APD and guiding appropriate use of device-aided therapies in the management of PD
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (‘ICCPR’) is the only human rights treaty that has universal coverage both geographically and in respect of its personal scope, and that includes a specific provision on the rights of minorities, or to be more exact, on the rights of members of minorities. Here the Covenant differs also from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which d
Background: People with substance use disorders (SUD) including patients in opioid substitution treatment (OST) are subject to stigma, and have generally poor health and barriers towards seeking healthcare. Experience of stigma might negatively affect healthcare seeking, but this topic is sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to explore OST patients’ past and present experiences of subs
År 2021 reformerades lagstiftningen gällande barns rätt att komma till tals i frågor om vårdnad, boende och umgänge. I 6 kap. föräldrabalken tillkom 2 b § som stadgar att barnet ska få information och ges möjlighet att framföra sina åsikter i frågor om vårdnad, boende och umgänge. Barnets åsikter ska tillmätas betydelse i förhållande till barnets ålder och mognad. Detta är den rättsliga utgångspunIn 2021, the legislation regarding children’s right to be heard in matters of custody, residence and visitation was reformed. In chapter 6 of the Children and Parents Code, section 2 b was added which stipulates that the child must receive information and be given the opportunity to express their opinions in matters of custody, residence and visitation. The child’s opinions must be given importanc
Det finns många olika omständigheter som kan leda till att en entreprenör inte kan utföra sitt arbete i den avtalade tiden. Vissa omständigheter berättigar entreprenören att utföra sitt arbete vid en senare tid än den avtalade tiden. Avtalsparterna ingår ofta andra avtal med tanke på att entreprenaden ska vara klar vid den avtalade tiden. Därför kan det vara särskilt viktigt för både entreprenörenThere are various circumstances that can lead to a contractor is unable to perform the work within the agreed time. Some circumstances can justify the contractor to perform the work later than the agreed time. The contracting par-ties usually going with an agreement to gets the contractor to perform the work in time. That is why it is very important for the contractor and client to end the contrac
The war in Ukraine in 2022 has caused environmental damages on different scales which come with their own challenges. One of the factors that can cause environmental damage is vegetation fire. As earlier studies have concluded, in conflict regions the amount of vegetation fires can increase due to (forced) migration, change in agriculture and warfare tactics. Not only conflict can change fire occu
3-dimensionell (3D) rekonstruktion, ett område inom datorseende, har under senare år gjort stora framsteg som en konsekvens av de omfattande genombrott som har skett inom Artificiell Intelligens (AI). Inom datorseende har man som mål att försöka förklara hur världen ser ut för en dator, där saker som vi människor finner uppenbara behöver beskrivas i detalj med matematiska begrepp för att datorn sk3D reconstruction is a field in computer vision which has evolved rapidly as a result of the recent advancements in deep learning. As 3D reconstruction pipelines now can run in real-time, this has opened up new possibilities for teams developing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which rely on the camera system of the vehicle to enhance the safety and driving experience. This thesis pres
Förena mörker med trygghet för att gynna biologisk mångfald! Årligen ökar spridningen av artificiellt ljus på jorden till följd av att vi människor bland annat sätter upp mer utomhusbelysning. Belysning är en av många nödvändigheter för att människor ska känna sig trygga. Belysning medför dock ljusföroreningar som påverkar biologiska funktioner negativt och den biologiska mångfalden tar skada. TrThe spread of artificial light on Earth increases annually. One of many causes of this spread is due to increased street lighting and artificial light at night (ALAN). Lighting is one of the many necessities for people to feel safe. On the other hand, ALAN, which contributes to light pollution, negatively affects biological functions and thus biodiversity. The purpose of this study was to investig
Jordabalkens felregler har genomgått lagändringar och utvecklats genom rättspraxis. I ett HD-avgörande, NJA 2007 s. 86, ansågs en säljare av fast egendom under vissa kriterier ha en upplysningsplikt för fel som omfattas av köparens undersökningsplikt, men som säljaren har vetskap om. Mot bakgrund av det tidigare rättsläget och HD:s argumentation i det enskilda fallet har domens prejudikatvärde ifrThe regulations in property law (JB 1970:994) regarding defects in real estate have undergone changes and developed through case law. In a ruling by the supreme court, NJA 2007 s. 86, a seller was considered, under certain criteria, to have a duty to disclose regarding a defect that he was aware of, although it was detectable and therefore subject to the buyer´s obligation to inspect. Because of t
Att förstå och att bli förstådd är avgörande för att människor inte ska missuppfatta varandra. I de fall det inte går att avläsa omgivningens reaktioner så som t.ex. på internet, är risken för feltolkningar eller missförstånd betydligt större. Om andra misstolkar eller missuppfattar det som har skrivits kan personen göra sig skyldig till brottet förtal. Om en kommentar får någon att känna sig illaTo understand and to be understood is crucial for people not to be misinterpreting each other. In those cases where it isn´t possible to read the ambient reaction such as for example, on the Internet, the risk of misinterpretation or misunderstanding is much greater. If others misinterpret or misunderstand what has been written, the person may be guilty of the offense of defamation. If a comment m
The effect that non-cultivated grasslands have on birds in a landscape dominated by farmland What is the problem? In the past few hundred years farming practices across the world have become more and more intense. More land area is being used to produce items somehow related to human consumption and the intensity of farming in these areas is higher than ever in order to produce as much product as
Entrepreneurial motivations are still a relatively undiscovered research field (Carsrud & Brännback, 2010). More specifically there seems to be a gap in the literature about the motivation of older entrepreneurs (Weber & Schaper, 2004). Weber and Schaper (2004) mentioned that this segment will have a growing impact upon national economic performance, policy frameworks, academia and the bus
