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BACKGROUND: Patient perceptions of iron deficiency and efficacy of iron therapy may differ from the interpretations of doctors. Qualitative investigation at an individual level related may help define patient expectations and therapeutic targets. Therefore, we aimed to explore this concept in exercising females of reproductive age.METHODS: Exercising females (n = 403) who either (a) were currently

A new Regulation on nutrition and health claims came into force in 2007 with implementation during a three-year period and will harmonise this area within the European Community. It makes provision for health claims on foods, including reduction of disease risk claims, and thus recognises the importance of food and nutrition for health. Member states have provided suggestions for claims regarding

There is compelling evidence to suggest that estrogen administration to women of climacteric age reduces subsequent myocardial infarction by some 50%. Accumulating data also suggests estrogens confer substantial protection from stroke. Given this rationale, it is prudent to suggest to regulatory bodies that estrogen treatment would have this indication. Estrogens have other well-defined, and less

Sodium niobate (NaNbO3 or NN) is described as "the most complex perovskite system,"which exhibits transitions between, as well as coexistence of, several ferroelectrics (FE) and antiferroelectric (AFE) phases at different temperatures. Recently, solid solutions of NN with stabilized AFE phases(s) have gained attention for energy-related applications, such as high-density energy storage and electro

In this study, a plant-wide model describing the fate of C, N and P compounds, upgraded to account for (on-site/off-site) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, was implemented within the International Water Association (IWA) Benchmarking Simulation Model No. 2 (BSM2) framework. The proposed approach includes the main biological N2O production pathways and mechanistically describes CO2 (biogenic/non-biog

It is always challenging to try to transmit and transform values and attitudes within a school in a democratic society, and even more challenging to do so in a group of socially disadvantaged pupils. What happens in a classroom where disadvantaged pupils in the upper secondary school meet teachers who have a general obligation to transmit democratic values? This article is a case study of the inte

There is an increasing demand on the safety and reliability of the civil structures that make up our cities and infrastructure. The field of structural health monitoring aims to provide continuous non-destructive evaluation of such structures. Large concrete structures, such as nuclear power plants, provide a challenge when implementing such systems, if minor damage is to be detected. For methods

The trend in cellular chipset design today is to incorporate support for a larger number of frequency bands for each new chipset generation. If the chipset also supports receiver diversity two low noise amplifiers (LNAs) are required for each frequency band. This is however associated with an increase of off-chip components, i.e. matching components for the LNA inputs, as well as complex routing o

Media scandals is one of the areas within the media field with high passion potential. The emotions within politics, that otherwise may be covered by rational arguments and cultural codes, are often in full bloom when a scandal takes place on the political scene (which as we know is a mediated scene). However, after a few decades of media scandal-research, a scientific convention seems to have ari

Researchers have envisioned and pioneered data-driven programming assistance for developers based on their interaction with the tools via multiple sensors such as eye trackers, microphones, and AI. However, these new sensors gather sensitive data from programmers, to what extent users can accept them and in what form they may work well are largely unclear. Meanwhile, developer tools such as static

Aims of this thesis were to compare the agreement of different magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) techniques and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with coils in order to select the best MRA method, to evaluate the impact of increased iodine concentration in contrast medium and decreased tube voltage on arterial attenuation and image quality in co

Pulsatile flows in geometries of physiological relevance have been investigated. Atherosclerotic plaques are (initiated) near junctions and bifurcations in larger arteries. The flow in these regions is characterized by flow separation and unsteadiness, which indicates that local flow conditions contribute to atherogenesis. Flows in curved and bifurcating pipes have been investigated over many y

Downsizing is a phenomenon that remarkably seldom has been the subject of historical inquiry. This study investigates how a state-owned enterprise, the Swedish Tobacco Monopoly, reduced its labour inputs because of changed consumer preferences and mechanization in the 1920s and 1930s. By combining qualitative and quantitative evidence, the study addresses questions about the ways of achieving redu

The European Union’s sugar policy is one of the most distorting policies within the common agricultural policy. It includes import control, production quota, and export refunds to support producer price within the EU at levels high above international prices. The main beneficiaries of the support system are the EU sugar industries and EU beet growers, but they are not the only producers benefiting

Few attempts to control forest insects by means of pheromone mating disruption have been reported. The first such experiments with the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), resulted in nearly complete trap catch reduction, but no effects on population density or sex ratio were noted. Unmated females lay eggs, which develop into males only. Therefore, if mating disru

The hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the membrane material have an important influence on the membrane flux reduction when treating solutions containing hydrophobic solutes. Different methods of measuring the hydrophobic properties of membranes have been evaluated; measurement of the contact angle being the most commonly used method. In this investigation the flux reduction of eight membranes

This paper discusses five major parameters in desalination, namely technology, raw-water, energy sources, cost and environmental effects. Both size and yield have grown rapidly in desalination plants due to high performance in technology developments in the last few years. Five different types of desalination technology are presented and bench-marked for long-term use: multistage flash evaporation

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bröstcancer är i dag den vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor i västvärlden. I Sverige insjuknar varje år drygt 6 600 kvinnor, och detta innebär att en av tio kvinnor kommer någon gång under sin livstid att utveckla bröstcancer. Antalet nydiagnostiserade fall av bröstcancer i Sverige har under de senare åren ökat, vilket bl.a. tros bero på den ökade medelåldern i befolknIn recent time breast cancer has become the most common form of female cancer in the western world. It has been estimated that the lifetime risk of women falling ill from the disease is 10%. The number of patients diagnosed each year has been increasing steadily since the 1970s. In 2002 the number of Swedish women diagnosed with breast cancer was 6,600, constituting every third female cancer diagn

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avsaltning av havsvatten utgör en viktig källa för vattenförsörjning till befolkningen som bor vid Persiska viken, Medelhavet och Röda havet. De tre regionerna utgör ca 11,8 % av världens landyta och hade omkring 9 % av världens befolkning under 1950 och 2008, samt lika mycket enligt prognos för år 2050. Dessa områden är hemvist för 62 %, 58% och 60% av världens avsaltnSeawater desalination constitutes an important water supply to the population bordering the Arabian Gulf, the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. The three regions represent about 11.8% of the world land area and the countrieshosted approximately 9% of the world population in 1950 and 2008 and are also projected to do so in 2050. The results obtained for desalination capacity in the study area were

The carbon dynamics of northern natural ecosystems contribute significantly to the global carbon balance. Periodic disturbances to these dynamics include insect herbivory. Larvae of autumn and winter moths (Epirrita autumnata and Operophtera brumata) defoliate mountain birch (Betula pubescens) forests in northern Scandinavia cyclically every 9-10 years and occasionally (50-150 years) extreme popul