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Traffic-related air pollution has severe implications for our health and stringent emission legislation is being enforced to traffic emissions, for example in the EU, USA, and China. With stricter emission legislation (next is EURO 7) and a rapid growth of battery electrical vehicles (BEVs) the combustion-derived pollutants emitted from the tailpipe are decreasing. However, heavier vehicles have r

BACKGROUND: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and left atrial strain metrics, including reservoir (LAr), contraction (LAct), and conduit strain (LAcd), have emerged as key indicators of left ventricular (LV) function and filling pressures. However, the prognostic value of these markers for risk stratification in acute heart failure (HF) remains uncertain, particularly in identifying patients at ele

Introduction: Sepsis, a widespread global ailment, involves an exaggerated immune response, leading to hyperinflammation and immunosuppression. Extracellular histones, released during hyperinflammation as part of the defensive response against pathogens, significantly contribute to sepsis pathogenesis, compromising viability of the host’s endothelial cells and contributing to organ failure. Method

Comparison of ROS production of individual particle components from traffic-related sources can inform new health policies and emissions legislation. This work aims to quantify acellular ROS production and oxidative potential (OP) of such individual particle components from combustion, brake, tire, and road wear. Particle characteristics are probed to identify source-specific markers and improve t

The gut microbiota is associated with human health and disease. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study of host genetic factors influencing gut microbiota composition in 12,652 individuals from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), with replication in Nordic cohorts (n = 16,017–21,976). We identified 12 reproducible SNP–species associations across six genomic loci, including known (LCT, ABO

Background SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease with a large number of common risk gene variants, but several rare gene variants can cause monogenic SLE. The relationship between common and rare variants in SLE is unclear. We therefore investigated the occurrence of rare deleterious variants in patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) and adult-onset SLE (aSLE) and compared the frequency of these

This thesis investigates particle sorting in deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) microfluidic devices, with a focus on how particle size and shape influence sorting behavior. A broad range of synthetic and biological particles were studied, including polystyrene particles, fabricated silicon-based structures, and bacterial samples with diverse physical properties.While DLD has traditionally b

Disruptions in gut microbiome are implicated in cardiometabolic disorders and other health outcomes. Antibiotics are known gut microbiome disruptors, but their long-term consequences remain underexplored. Here we combined individual-level data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register with fecal metagenomes of 14,979 adults to examine the association between oral antibiotic use over 8 years and gu

While extensive research exists on the severe consequences among rape victims, little is known about specific predictors in relation to rape convictions among immigrants to Europe. This study from Sweden (having one of Europe's highest per capita rates of rape) investigates individuals convicted of rape, aggravated rape, attempted rape, or attempted aggravated rape, collectively termed as rape+, a

Regenerative medicine is an emerging and rapidly evolving field of research and therapeutics aimed to restore, maintain, and improve body functions. In the adult mammalian brain, very few neurons, if any, are generated after disease onset or an injury, and its ability to self-repair is therefore limited. Replacing neurons that are lost during neurodegenerative diseases or due to injury therefore r

In the present work, we have studied the interaction of water with spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4), an effect which has been considered a major cause of its catalytic deactivation. Employing a Co3O4(111) model thin film grown on Ir(100) in (ultra)high vacuum, and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), hydroxylation in 0.5 mbar H2O vapor at room temperature was monitored in real tim

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by coexisting risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diet is of importance in their aetiology, and gut microbiota (GM) may constitute a link between diet and metabolic health. Understanding the interplay between diet and GM could contribute novel insights for future dietary guidelines, and aid in preventive actions to mot

Objectives: Limited understanding exists regarding non-detected cancers in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening. This study aims to classify non-detected cancers into true or false negatives, compare them with true positives, and analyze reasons for non-detection. Materials and methods: Conducted between 2010 and 2015, the prospective single-center Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Tria

Introduction: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus; GAS) is a pathogen causing over half a million deaths annually worldwide. Human immune cells respond to GAS infection by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that control infection. We investigated the role of C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and factor H (FH) in the inflammasome response to GA

Acoustofluidics is a promising technique for microparticle manipulation and has potential applications across various fields. However, its relatively low throughput limits wider applications. To overcome this challenge, we propose an ElLIPtical reflector focusing ultrasonic tranSducer (ELIPS) to drive bulk-wave-acoustofluidic devices, enabling high throughput. The ELIPS focuses transverse waves co

BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the association between DNA methylation and physical activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of objectively measured hours of sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate physical activity (MPA) with DNA methylation. We further aimed to explore the association between SB or MPA related CpG sites and cardiometabolic traits, gene expression, and

Herein, a model is developed to study the polarization-selective light-coupling in quantum well infrared photodetector arrays with 15 and 30 μm pixel pitch. The polarization-selective light-coupling is achieved using 1D lamella gratings with varying grating orientation and studied through 2D and 3D finite-element method simulations. The extracted absorption quantum efficiency ηabs, derived from th

The ferroelectric domain structure of a freestanding BiFeO3 film was visualized by ptychographic dichroic imaging with linearly polarized x-rays at the O K-edge around 530 eV. The dichroic contrast is maximized at the energy of the hybridization of the O 2p state and the Fe 3d orbitals, which is split by the octahedral crystal field of the perovskite structure. The microscopy images thus obtained