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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions, with a highly diverse genetic hereditary component, including altered neuronal circuits, that has an impact on communication skills and behaviours of the affected individuals. Beside the recognised role of neuronal alterations, perturbations of microglia and the associated neuroinflammatory processes have emerg

This study investigates the interaction of KEIF, the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of the magnesium transporter MgtA, with lipid bilayers mimicking cell membranes. Combining experimental techniques such as neutron reflectometry (NR), quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD), and oriented circular dichroism (OCD),

Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNAs (tDRs) are abundant small RNAs with emerging roles in development and tumorigenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that tDRs regulate stem cell homeostasis and differentiation, often altered in disease, highlighting the importance of fully characterizing their role in stem cell biology. Multiple studies point to protein synthesis as a crucial target of tDR-mediated

Time-resolved photoluminescence is a validated method for tracking the photoexcited carrier dynamics in luminescent materials. This technique probes the photoluminescence decays upon a periodic excitation by short laser pulses. Herein, we show that this approach cannot directly detect hidden photoexcitations with much slower dynamics than the photoluminescence decay. We demonstrate a new method ba

Background. Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in children. Current treatments have increased overall survival but can lead to devastating side effects and late complications in survivors, emphasizing the need for new, improved targeted therapies that specifically eliminate tumor cells while sparing the normally developing brain. Methods. Here, we used a sonic he

Background: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a prevalent cardiovascular disorder after COVID-19 infection. Although POTS is characterized by the presence of sinus tachycardia, other hemodynamic disturbances including blood pressure (BP) regulation, remain largely unexplored.Aims: We investigated BP changes using 24-hour ambulatory-BP-monitoring in patients with new-onset POTS af

Future brain-machine interfaces, prosthetics, and intelligent soft robotics will require integrating artificial neuromorphic devices with biological systems. Due to their poor biocompatibility, circuit complexity, low energy efficiency, and operating principles fundamentally different from the ion signal modulation of biology, traditional Silicon-based neuromorphic implementations have limited bio

Antibody binding to cell surface proteins plays a crucial role in immunity, and the location of an epitope can altogether determine the immunological outcome of a host-target interaction. Techniques available today for epitope identification are costly, time-consuming, and unsuited for high-throughput analysis. Fast and efficient screening of epitope location can be useful for the development of t

Blog post on the Agenda 2030 Graduate School blog. In September 2021, the Food Systems Summit is taking place as part of the Decade of Action to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. All 17 SDGs rely to some degree on healthier, more sustainable, and equitable food systems. Hopefully the interlinkages of food, land use change and healthy diets will target significant outcomes t

The last couple of decades have seen an explosion of novel colloidal drug delivery systems, which have been demonstrated to increase drug efficacy, reduce side-effects, and provide various other advantages for both small-molecule and biomacromolecular drugs. The interactions of delivery systems with biomembranes are increasingly recognized to play a key role for efficient eradication of pathogens

The reactivity of oxide surfaces is often attributed to formation and annihilation of oxygen deficient sites, which undergo complex structural rearrangements in the process. A prototypical example is VOx/TiO2 catalysts, widely used for e.g. selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx emissions, where the possible effect of the supporting TiO2 surface structure has been much debated. Here, we presen

The use of ETEM in oxidation studies of carbon nanostructures such as CB has revealed new, and confirmed previously suggested, oxidation mechanisms. However, the influence of the electron beam on the dynamic oxidation processes must be well understood in order to connect the results to the real world. To date, there are few studies reporting any quantification of the effect1,2. To better understan

Objective: We aimed to compare the genetic contribution to osteoarthritis (OA) versus other rheumatic/musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) in the same population and to explore the role for any shared genetics between OA and other RMDs. Methods: In 59,970 Swedish twins aged 35 years or older, we estimated the heritability (the variance explained by genetic factors) of OA in peripheral joints, back and

Core–shell structural ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have attracted great attention for advanced illumination and displays because of their environmentally friendly composition, but still suffering from poor photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) performance due to severe non-radiative charge recombination. Herein, a stepwise injection shell growth process to manipulate the monome

Aim: In neuroendocrine cells, large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) undergo highly regulated pre-fusion processes before releasing hormones via membrane fusion. Significant heterogeneity has been found for LDCV population based on the dynamics of membrane fusion. However, how the pre-fusion status impacts the heterogeneity of LDCVs still remains unclear. Hence, we explored pre-fusion determinants of h

Photocatalysis plays a crucial role in harnessing renewable energy by efficiently converting solar energy into chemical energy. Adequate cognition of photogenerated charge carrier dynamics in photocatalysis is the key to realizing efficient solar energy utilization, and provides guidance for breaking through the efficiency bottleneck. However, a convincing correlation between those photophysical p

Objective: To investigate the associations between rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and incident dementia using population register-based data. Methods: This nested case-control study was conducted based on a cohort of residents in the Skåne region, Sweden, aged 50 years and older in 2009 without doctor-diagnosed dementia during 1998 to 2009 (n = 402,825). Individuals with a new main

Segmentation of diagnostic radiography images using deep learning is progressively expanding, which sets demands on the accessibility, availability, and accuracy of the software tools used. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of a segmentation model for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), with the use of computer-simulated breast anatomy. We have simulated breast anatomy and soft tissue

Manipulating the light polarization properties of gold nanoparticle aggregates can facilitate their applications in sensing and imaging. However, control of the intrinsic light polarization on demand at the nanoscale is hindered by the lack of a fundamental understanding of the structure-dependent plasmon coupling in the aggregates. Here, the polarization properties of intrinsic photoluminescence

We report on the synthesis and detailed spectroscopic characterization of bis-phenylhydrazone astaxanthin (BPH-Asx), a derivative of astaxanthin (Asx), in which the conjugated carbonyl group of Asx is replaced by a conjugated C N bond. BPH-Asx was successfully synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, revealing subtle changes in absorption spectra and significant altera