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Background: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is associated with aging. A relationship between mtDNA-CN and degenerative disorders, e.g. osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP), has been suggested. We aimed to investigate the relationship of mtDNA-CN and incident OA and OP. Materials and methods: MtDNA-CN was studied in relationship to incident OA and OP in a population-based cohort study

Benefiting from their ordered orientation and superior stability compared to traditional conjugated materials, hydrogen bonding (HB)-induced H-aggregates in organic small molecule hole-transport materials (HTMs) hold a big potential for high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). However, H-aggregates can also lead to excessive face-aggregation by forming the gaps between aggregates,

The central complex (CX) is a highly conserved region of the insect brain, and its ubiquitous occurrence suggests that its neural circuits are of fundamental importance. While its overall layout has not changed since the evolution of insect flight, substantial variations exist in the internal organization of all CX components. By changing the details of a system of repeating columns and layers, th

We have investigated the optical properties of heterostructured InGaN platelets aiming at red emission, intended for use as nano-scaled light-emitting diodes. The focus is on the presence of non-radiative emission in the form of dark line defects. We have performed the study using hyperspectral cathodoluminescence imaging. The platelets were grown on a template consisting of InGaN pyramids, flatte

It has proven difficult to distinguish between topological Majorana bound states and nontopological Andreev bound states and to measure the unique properties of the former. In this work, we aim to alleviate this problem by proposing and theoretically analyzing a different type of fusion protocol based on transport measurements in a Majorana box coupled to normal leads. The protocol is based on swi

In this Perspective, we discuss thermal imbalance and the associated electron-mediated thermal transport in quantum electronic devices at very low temperatures. We first present the theoretical approaches describing heat transport in nanoscale conductors at low temperatures, in which quantum confinement and interactions play an important role. We then discuss the experimental techniques for genera

We report the real-valued static and complex-valued quasi-static anisotropic permittivity parameters of rare-earth scandate orthorhombic single crystal GdScO3 (GSO), TbScO3 (TSO), and DyScO3 (DSO). Employing continuous-wave terahertz spectroscopy (0.2-1 THz), the complex permittivity was extracted using an anisotropic ambient-film-ambient model. Data obtained from multiple samples of the same oxid

Wurtzite-type aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films exhibiting high thermal conductivity, large grain size, and low surface roughness are desired for both bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave resonators. In this work, we use ammonia (NH3) assisted reactive sputter deposition of AlN to significantly improve these properties. The study shows a systematic change in the structural, thermal, and mo

This thesis focuses on design, processing and electro-optical investigations of two- and three-terminal photodetectors based on large arraysof around three million n+-i-n+ InP nanowires with embedded InAsP quantum heterostructures for broadband detection. The first part of thethesis work dealt with a general investigation of the room-temperature optoelectronic behavior of two-terminal photodetecto

We study the transient dynamics subject to quantum coherence effects of two interacting parallel quantum dots weakly coupled to macroscopic leads. The stationary particle current of this quantum system is sensitive to perturbations much smaller than any other energy scale, specifically compared to the system-lead coupling and the temperature. We show that this is due to the presence of a parity-li

Reading out the parity degree of freedom of Majorana bound states is key to demonstrating their non-Abelian exchange properties. Here, we present a low-energy model describing localized edge states in a two-arm device. We study parity-to-charge conversion based on coupling the superconductor bound states to a quantum dot whose charge is read out by a sensor. The dynamics of the system, including t

The LIN28B RNA binding protein exhibits an ontogenically restricted expression pattern and is a key molecular regulator of fetal and neonatal B lymphopoiesis. It enhances the positive selection of CD5+ immature B cells early in life through amplifying the CD19/PI3K/c-MYC pathway and is sufficient to reinitiate self-reactive B-1a cell output when ectopically expressed in the adult. In this study, i

IntroductionPostural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a disorder characterized by excessive orthostatic tachycardia and orthostatic intolerance. While traditional inflammatory biomarkers tend to be normal, a subclinical inflammatory process may be present in POTS.PurposeWe aimed to analyse novel inflammatory biomarkers in POTS patients: Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), Neutrophi

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gallstones (cholelithiasis) constitute a major health burden with high costs related to surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy), generally indicated for symptomatic gallstones. The association between gallstones and cholecystectomy and kidney cancer is controversial. We comprehensively investigated this association, considering age at cholecystectomy and time f

In this work, we demonstrate a novel low-cost template-assisted route to synthesize vertical ZnO nanorod arrays on Si (100). The nanorods were grown on a patterned double seed layer comprised of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The seed layer was fabricated by spray-coating the substrate with graphene and then dip-coating it into a Al-doped ZnO sol-gel solution. The gro

The paper presents novel studies on the impact of different ignition control parameters on combustion stability and spark plug wear. First, experimental results from a 32.4-liter biogas fueled large bore single cylinder spark ignition engine are discussed. Two different ignition systems were considered in the experiment: a DC inductive and an AC capacitive. The spark plugs used in the experiment w

Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disease with a mortality rate of >80% if ruptured. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been previously implicated in AAA pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to characterize the mitochondrial genetic landscape in AAA. Methods and Results Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed in comorbidity matched 48 cas

OBJECTIVE: To determine biological variation of the aggrecanase-generated aggrecan ARGS neoepitope in serum (sARGS) and synovial fluid (sfARGS) within and between patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.DESIGN: Matched samples of serum and synovial fluid were available, as parts of clinical trials, from i) 16 subjects with early-stage OA on 8 occasions over 1 y

III−V nanowire (NW) photovoltaic devices promise high efficiencies at reduced materials usage. However, research has so far focused on small devices, mostly ≤1 mm2. In this study, the upscaling potential of axial junction InP NW photovoltaic devices is investigated. Device processing was carried out on a full 2″ wafer, with device sizes up to 1 cm2, which is a significant increase from the mm-scal

Compositionally graded channel AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) offer a promising route to improve device linearity, which is necessary for low-noise radio-frequency amplifiers. In this work, we demonstrate different grading profiles of a 10-nm-thick AlxGa1-xN channel from x = 0 to x = 0.1 using hot-wall metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The growth process is dev