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Background: The production of bioethanol from lignocellulose hydrolysates requires a robust, D-xylose-fermenting and inhibitor-tolerant microorganism as catalyst. The purpose of the present work was to develop such a strain from a prime industrial yeast strain, Ethanol Red, used for bioethanol production. Results: An expression cassette containing 13 genes including Clostridium phytofermentans Xyl

Background: Unambiguous interpretation of ordered rating scale response categories requires distinct meanings of category labels. Also, summation of item responses into total scores assumes equal intervals between categories. While studies have identified problems with rating scale response category functioning there is a paucity of empirical studies regarding how respondents interpret response ca

Aims. Until recently, most high-resolution spectroscopic studies of the Galactic thin and thick discs were mostly confined to objects in the solar vicinity. Here we aim at enlarging the volume in which individual chemical abundances are used to characterise the thin and thick discs, using the first internal data release of the Gaia-ESO survey (GES iDR1). Methods. We used the spectra of around 2000

While once abstruse, 14-3-3 proteins are now well known as players in several cellular processes. These processes range from apoptosis and mitosis in mammals and yeast, to regulation of primary metabolism in plants. To date, 104 proteins have been shown to interact with 14-3-3s of which 85 are found in mammals and yeast, and 21 are found in plants. Their consensus action is to bind to phosphorylat

The study of Federalism has attracted scholars of various fields for a long time. Federalism as an instrument of balancing the tension between universalism and particularism has drawn more attention in pluralistic societies. After the end of the cold war era there is a drift in to reaffirmation of ethnic identity as a means of determining the public life of a society, the venture to ethnify federa

This study is an attempt to examine the law and practice relating to female genital mutilation in Tanzania. In the course of writing this work, attention is paid to the difference between enforcement of legal and social norms, as this is important in any fight against the deeply entrenched harmful traditional practice of Female Genital Mutilation. In dealing with this problem, the usefulness of us

Oil has been the major fossil fuel since the days of its discovering. It takes a special place in the international energy trade regime, as it is an exhaustible natural resource sensitive to political and economic changes. The instability in oil prices may lead to a considerable disruption of the global economy. The ongoing liberalization of oil markets, the forthcoming WTO accessions of major ene

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the EC Commission's role and policy in the EC control of state aid to companies that risk going out of business. The thesis explores the Commission's role in relation to the Member States as well as to the Community courts. It also examines the Commission's policy towards such aid in order to establish whether the Commission is coherent in its

One of the cleanest ways of transporting goods is at sea. However, the emissions from ships increase and with a wider knowledge about the environmental consequences caused by the emissions, requisite regulations are needed. This thesis deals with air emissions of sulphate (SOx) - and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These emissions cause negative environmental effects both by direct pollution and by forming

The maritime transportation of hazardous cargo has created a sometimes intense dispute between the shipping industry and coastal states. The arguments feeding this discussion are the right of innocent passage, claimed by shipping states, and on the other hand, the obligation to protect the environment stressed by coastal states. Two sets of rules, both codified in international law, stand in confl

Title: Finding optimal logistical hubs for Swedish export - A study of selecting global locations Authors: Cecilia Eskilsson and Fredrik Hansson Tutors: Andreas Norrman, Professor, Department of Industrial Management and Logistics, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Oskar Henkow, Lecturer, Department of Business Law, School of Economics and Management, Lund University Henrik Danielsson, He

Denna uppsats jämför de lagstiftningstekniker som valdes av Sverige respektive Storbritannien för att implementera den del av Postdirektivet som omfattar de samhällsomfattande posttjänsterna och vilka resultat respektive land har uppnått. Den utvärderar även EU:s val av regleringsmetod. Motivet bakom Postdirektivet, som trädde ikraft 1997, var EU:s vilja att försäkra invånarna tillgång till samhäThis essay compares the different ways that Sweden and Great Britain respectively chose to implement the part of the Postal Directive that include the universal services and the results that have been achieved by each country. It also evaluates the EU's choice of regulatory approach. The motive behind the Postal Directive, which came into force in 1997, was the EU's desire to assure resid

Problem: Since business process management (BPM) is a very spacious concept, it is influenced from many other concepts, standards and methods that determine its constancy. Companies are asked to restructure their organisation in order to meet internal and external customer demands. The term quality comes to the fore. Organisations such as ISO and the EFQM try to certify or assess companies in term

Title: Financing sources for shipping. – a case study at Wonsild & Son Author: Daniel Hultin Tutors: Niclas Andrén, Department of Business Administration, School of Econonomics and Business Administration, Lund University. Everth Larsson. Department of Logistics, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University. Søren Hahnemann, Wonsild & Son A/S, Copenhagen. Problem discussion: o What is the

Den mest kännetecknande aspekten av avtalsrätten är dess långtgående avtalsfrihet, vilken möjliggör att kommersiella avtal kan influeras av hur avtal konstrueras inom andra rättssystem. I avtalsrätten syns denna utveckling tydligt i och med förekomsten av boilerplate klausuler i kommersiella avtal. En av dessa klausuler är integrationsklausulen. Den vedertagna uppfattningen om innebörden av en iThe most characteristic aspect of Contract Law is its far-reaching freedom of contract, which makes it possible for commercial agreements to have an influence on how contracts are construed within other legal systems. In Contract Law this development is apparent with the use of boilerplate clauses in commercial agreements. One of these clauses is the integration clause. The recognized understandi

Background and Purpose-Patients treated with oral anticoagulants (ACs) have an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which is more often fatal than spontaneous ICH. Options to reverse the AC effect include intravenous administration of vitamin K, plasma, and coagulation factor concentrate. However, the optimal management of AC-related ICH has not been determined in any randomized trial

Popular Abstract in Swedish Användningen av informations och kommunikationsteknik (IKT eller IT) påverkar vårt sätt att kommunicera i arbetslivet. Det underlättar distansarbete och skapar möjligheter till s.k. virtuella möten - att samarbeta utan att träffas fysiskt. Detta kan i sin tur påverka behovet av pendlings- och tjänsteresor, genom att vi får tillgång information, en funktion eller en tjänInformation and Communication Technologies change the way we work and communicate, enabling us to telework and to have virtual meetings - collaborating without a physical meeting. This can influence the need for commuting and business travel by provision of access to an activity without mobility - virtual mobility. The large environmental impact of travel makes this potential travel reduction inte

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar metoder för att modellera risk på de finansiella marknaderna. Avhandlingen består av fyra separata uppsatser och inleds med en introduktion i kapitel ett, medan kapitel två till kapitel 5 består av de fyra uppsatserna. Den första uppsatsen undersöker implikationerna av att använda olika riskmått inom portföljval. Speciellt undersöks tre olikaThis thesis deals with techniques to model risk in financial markets and consists of four separate essays. The thesis begins with an introduction in chapter one, while chapter two to chapter five contains the four essays. The first essay examines the implication of using various risk measures for portfolio selection. Specifically, three risk measures are examined: variance, Value at Risk (VaR) an

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar tre centrala områden i finansiell ekonomi i allmänhet och portföljvalsteori i synnerhet: riskmåttet, estimeringsrisk och tidsdiversifiering. Avhandlingen består av fem kapitel varav ett är ett kort introduktionskapitel. De första två kapitlen behandlar ett alternativt mått på risk, lower partial moment (LPM). Detta alternativa mått behandlar eThis thesis is devoted to the analysis of three important issues in financial economics in general and portfolio selection in particular: the risk measure, estimation risk and time diversification. Besides a short introductory chapter the thesis consists of four empirical essays. In the second chapter, the effect of estimation risk on the efficient frontier in the lower partial moment framework is

A systematic assessment of radiotherapy for cancer was conducted by The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) in 2001. The assessment included a review of future developments in radiotherapy and an estimate of the potential benefits of improved radiotherapy in Sweden. The conclusions reached from this review can be summarized as: Successively better knowledge is available o